主题：【原创】日志随笔短平快-by 老马丁 -- 老马丁

经济学家更多看到的是efficiency gain，而其他社会科学学者看到的另一方面的social cost，这些是walmart或其他economic agent没有考虑的(internalize)。这个外部的影响的确引人注目，尤其那些设身处地的人们。意识到这种social cost而且把它quantify也是一件有意义的事情。

PBS有部纪录片叫做"When Walmart comes to town",讲的就是这个情景。另外，MIT的Jia Panle的job market paper正巧也是这个题目,"What Happens When Wal-Mart Comes to Town: An Empirical Analysis of the Discount Retailing Industry"

引自她的abstract:

"The paper finds that Wal-Mart’s expansion from the late 1980s to the late 1990s explains about forty to fifty percent of the net change in the number of small discount retailers, and a similar percentage for all other discount stores."