主题:【原创】什么是科学以及我们如何走科学的道路 -- 曾自洲
D. An Evolved Theory of Science
If neither Bacon nor Popper nor Kuhn gives us a perfect description of what
science is or how it works, nevertheless all three help us to gain a much deeper
understanding of it all.
Scientists are not Baconian observers of nature, but all scientists become
Baconians when it comes to describing their observations. Scientists are rigorously,
even passionately honest about reporting scientific results and how they
were obtained, in formal publications. Scientific data are the coin of the realm
in science, and they are always treated with reverence. Those rare instances in
which data are found to have been fabricated or altered in some way are always
traumatic scandals of the first order.
Scientists are also not Popperian falsifiers of their own theories, but they
don’t have to be. They don’t work in isolation. If a scientist has a rival with a
often sent to anonymous experts in the field, in other words, peers of the author,
for review. Peer review works superbly to separate valid science from
nonsense, or, in Kuhnian terms, to ensure that the current paradigm has been
respected. It works less well as a means of choosing between competing valid
ideas, in part because the peer doing the reviewing is often a competitor for the
same resources (pages in prestigious journals, funds from government agencies)
being sought by the authors. It works very poorly in catching cheating or fraud,
because all scientists are socialized to believe that even their bitterest competitor
is rigorously honest in the reporting of scientific results, making it easy to fool a
referee with purposeful dishonesty if one wants to. Despite all of this, peer
review is one of the sacred pillars of the scientific edifice.
----Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence
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🙂【原创】什么是科学以及我们如何走科学的道路 12 曾自洲 字3321 2009-05-21 21:17:08
🙂什么是科学? gb2312 字7673 2009-06-01 18:32:40
🙂什么是科学(2)?
🙂2222222号贴在这里啊 发了胖的罗密欧 字0 2011-03-21 03:58:52
🙂科学就是严格忠实的报导实验结果和获取实验数据的过程, 水晶 字61 2009-06-04 20:34:26
🙂争论的那么厉害是因为大家都被科学吓坏了 五磊山 字0 2009-05-29 00:29:28
🙂宗教对西方世界提供的正面影响有两个: 云河山 字137 2009-05-28 02:41:54
🙂天主教的组织形式其实是西方现代政治制度的雏形 曾自洲 字126 2009-05-28 05:20:47