主题：钓鱼岛事件告一段落，之后的中日关系何去何从？ -- 冰排冻骨

１９４５年７月，美、英、中三国首脑和外长在柏林西南波茨坦举行会议，２６日发表《波茨坦公告》，敦促日本投降。全文如下：

美、英、中三国政府领袖公告：

（一）余等：美国总统、中国国民政府主席及英国 首相代表余等亿万国民，业经会商，并同意对日本应予以一机会，以结束此次战事。

（二）美国、英帝国及中国之庞大陆、海、军部队，业已增强多倍，其由西方调来之军队及空军，即将予日本以最后之打击，彼等之武力受所有联合国之决心之支持及鼓励，对日作战，不至其停止抵抗不止。

（三）德国无效果及无意识抵抗全世界激起之自由人之力量，所得之结果，彰彰在前，可为日本人民之殷鉴。此种力量当其对付抵抗之纳粹时不得不将德国人民全体之土地、工业及其生活方式摧残殆尽。但现在集中对待日本之星则较之更为庞大，不可衡量。吾等之军力，加以吾人之坚决意志为后盾，若予以全部实施，必将使日本军队完全毁灭，无可逃避，而日本之本土亦必终归全部残毁。

（四）现时业已到来，日本必须决定一途，其将继续受其一意孤行计算错误，使日本帝国已陷于完全毁灭之境之军人之统制，抑或走向理智之路。

（五）以下为吾人之条件，吾人决不更改，亦无其他另一方式。犹豫迁延，更为吾人所不容许。

（六）欺骗及错误领导日本人民使其妄欲征服世界者之威权及势力，必须永久剔除。盖吾人坚持非将负责之穷兵黩武主义驱出世界，则和平安全及正义之新秩序势不可能。

（七）直至如此之新秩序成立时，及直至日本制造战争之力量业已毁灭，有确定可信之证据时，日本领土经盟国之指定，必须占领，俾吾人在此陈述之基本目的得以完成。

（八）开罗宣言之条件必将实施，而日本之主权必将限于本州、北海道、九州、四国及吾人所决定其他小岛之内。

（九）日本军队在完全解除武装以后，将被允许返其家乡，得有和平及生产生活之机会。

（十）吾人无意奴役日本民族或消灭其国家，但对于战罪人犯，包括虐待吾人俘虏在内，将处以法律之裁判，日本政府必将阻止日本人民民主趋势之复兴及增强之所有障碍予以消除，言论、宗教及思想自由以及对于基本人权之重视必须成立。

（十一）日本将被允许维持其经济所必须及可以偿付货物赔款之工业，但可以使其获得原料，以别于统制原料，日本最后参加国际贸易关系当可准许。

（十二）上述目的达到及依据日本人民自由表示之意志成立一倾向和平及负责之政府后，同盟国占领军队当撤退。

（十三）吾人通告日本政府立即宣布所有日本武装部队无条件投降，并以此种行动诚意实行予以适当之各项保证，除此一途，日本即将迅速完全毁灭。

Potsdam Declaration

The Potsdam Declaration or the Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender (not to be confused with the Potsdam Agreement) was a statement issued on July 26, 1945 by Harry S. Truman, Winston Churchill, and Chiang Kai-Shek which outlined the terms of surrender for Japan as agreed upon at the Potsdam Conference. The agreement stated that if Japan did not surrender, "They would face prompt and utter destruction."— Excerpted from Potsdam Declaration on Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

(1) We-the President of the United States, the President of the National Government of the Republic of China, and the Prime Minister of Great Britain, representing the hundreds of millions of our countrymen, have conferred and agree that Japan shall be given an opportunity to end this war.

(2) The prodigious land, sea and air forces of the United States, the British Empire and of China, many times reinforced by their armies and air fleets from the west, are poised to strike the final blows upon Japan. This military power is sustained and inspired by the determination of all the Allied Nations to prosecute the war against Japan until she ceases to resist.

(3) The result of the futile and senseless German resistance to the might of the aroused free peoples of the world stands forth in awful clarity as an example to the people of Japan. The might that now converges on Japan is immeasurably greater than that which, when applied to the resisting Nazis, necessarily laid waste to the lands, the industry and the method of life of the whole German people. The full application of our military power, backed by our resolve, will mean the inevitable and complete destruction of the Japanese armed forces and just as inevitably the utter devastation of the Japanese homeland.

(4) The time has come for Japan to decide whether she will continue to be controlled by those self-willed militaristic advisers whose unintelligent calculations have brought the Empire of Japan to the threshold of annihilation, or whether she will follow the path of reason.

(5) Following are our terms. We will not deviate from them. There are no alternatives. We shall brook no delay.

(6) There must be eliminated for all time the authority and influence of those who have deceived and misled the people of Japan into embarking on world conquest, for we insist that a new order of peace, security and justice will be impossible until irresponsible militarism is driven from the world.

(7) Until such a new order is established and until there is convincing proof that Japan's war-making power is destroyed, points in Japanese territory to be designated by the Allies shall be occupied to secure the achievement of the basic objectives we are here setting forth.

(8) The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine.

(9) The Japanese military forces, after being completely disarmed, shall be permitted to return to their homes with the opportunity to lead peaceful and productive lives.

(10) We do not intend that the Japanese shall be enslaved as a race or destroyed as a nation, but stern justice shall be meted out to all war criminals, including those who have visited cruelties upon our prisoners. The Japanese Government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and strengthening of democratic tendencies among the Japanese people. Freedom of speech, of religion, and of thought, as well as respect for the fundamental human rights shall be established.

(11) Japan shall be permitted to maintain such industries as will sustain her economy and permit the exaction of just reparations in kind, but not those which would enable her to re-arm for war. To this end, access to, as distinguished from control of, raw materials shall be permitted. Eventual Japanese, participation in world trade relations shall be permitted.

(12) The occupying forces of the Allies shall be withdrawn from Japan as soon as these objectives have been accomplished and there has been established in accordance with the freely expressed will of the Japanese people a peacefully inclined and responsible government.

(13) We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate assurances of their good faith in such action. The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration"

ポツダム宣言（米、英、支三国宣言）

1945年7月26日、「ポツダム」ニ於テ

一

吾等合衆国大統領、中華民国政府主席及「グレートブリテン」国総理大臣ハ吾等ノ数億ノ国民ヲ代表シ協議ノ上日本国ニ対シ今次ノ戦争ヲ終結スルノ機会ヲ与フルコトニ意見一致セリ

二

合衆国、英帝国及中華民国ノ巨大ナル陸、海、空軍ハ西方ヨリ自国ノ陸軍及空軍ニ依ル数倍ノ増強ヲ受ケ日本国ニ対シ最後的打撃ヲ加フルノ態勢ヲ整ヘタリ右軍事力ハ日本国ガ抵抗ヲ終止スルニ至ル迄同国ニ対シ戦争ヲ遂行スルノ一切ノ聯合国ノ決意ニ依リ支持セラレ且鼓舞セラレ居ルモノナリ

三

蹶起セル世界ノ自由ナル人民ノ力ニ対スル「ドイツ」国ノ無益且無意義ナル抵抗ノ結果ハ日本国国民ニ対スル先例ヲ極メテ明白ニ示スモノナリ現在日本国ニ対シ集結シツツアル力ハ抵抗スル「ナチス」ニ対シ適用セラレタル場合ニ於テ全「ドイツ」国人民ノ土地産業及生活様式ヲ必然的ニ荒廃ニ帰セシメタル力ニ比シ測リ知レザル程度ニ強大ナルモノナリ吾等ノ決意ニ支持セラルル吾等ノ軍事力ノ最高度ノ使用ハ日本国軍隊ノ不可避且完全ナル壊滅ヲ意味スベク又同様必然的ニ日本国本土ノ完全ナル破滅ヲ意味スベシ

四

無分別ナル打算ニ依リ日本帝国ヲ滅亡ノ淵ニ陥レタル我儘ナル軍国主義的助言者ニ依リ日本国ガ引続キ統御セラルベキカ又ハ理性ノ経路ヲ日本国ガ履ムベキカヲ日本国ガ決定スベキ時期ハ到来セリ

五

吾等ノ条件ハ左ノ如シ

吾等ハ右条件ヨリ離脱スルコトナカルベシ右ニ代ル条件存在セズ吾等ハ遅延ヲ認ムルヲ得ズ

六

吾等ハ無責任ナル軍国主義ガ世界ヨリ駆逐サラルルニ至ル迄ハ平和、安全及正義ノ新秩序ガ生ジ得ザルコトヲ主張スルモノナルヲ以テ日本国国民ヲ欺瞞シ之ヲシテ世界征服ノ挙ニ出ヅルノ過誤ヲ犯サシメタル者ノ権力及勢力ハ永久ニ除去セラレザルベカラズ

七

右ノ如キ新秩序ガ建設セラレ且日本国ノ戦争遂行能力ガ破砕セラレタルコトノ確証アルニ至ル迄ハ聯合国ノ指定スベキ日本国領域内ノ諸地点ハ吾等ノ茲ニ指示スル基本的目的ノ達成ヲ確保スル為占領セラルベシ

八

「カイロ」宣言ノ条項ハ履行セラルベク又日本国ノ主権ハ本州、北海道、九州及四国竝ニ吾等ノ決定スル諸小島ニ局限セラルベシ

九

日本国軍隊ハ完全ニ武装ヲ解除セラレタル後各自ノ家庭ニ復帰シ平和的且生産的ノ生活ヲ営ムノ機会ヲ得シメラルベシ

十

吾等ハ日本人ヲ民族トシテ奴隷化セントシ又ハ国民トシテ滅亡セシメントスルノ意図ヲ有スルモノニ非ザルモ吾等ノ俘虜ヲ虐待セル者ヲ含ム一切ノ戦争犯罪人ニ対シテハ厳重ナル処罰ヲ加ヘラルベシ日本国政府ハ日本国国民ノ間ニ於ケル民主主義的傾向ノ復活強化ニ対スル一切ノ障礙ヲ除去スベシ言論、宗教及思想ノ自由並ニ基本的人権ノ尊重ハ確立セラルベシ

十一

日本国ハ其ノ経済ヲ支持シ且公正ナル実物賠償ノ取立ヲ可能ナラシムルガ如キ産業ヲ維持スルコトヲ許サルベシ但シ日本国ヲシテ戦争ノ為再軍備ヲ為スコトヲ得シムルガ如キ産業ハ此ノ限ニ在ラズ右目的ノ為原料ノ入手(其ノ支配トハ之ヲ区別ス)ヲ許可サルベシ日本国ハ将来世界貿易関係ヘノ参加ヲ許サルベシ

十二

前記諸目的ガ達成セラレ且日本国国民ノ自由ニ表明セル意思ニ従ヒ平和的傾向ヲ有シ且責任アル政府ガ樹立セラルルニ於テハ聯合国ノ占領軍ハ直ニ日本国ヨリ撤収セラルベシ

十三

吾等ハ日本国政府ガ直ニ全日本国軍隊ノ無条件降伏ヲ宣言シ且右行動ニ於ケル同政府ニ対ノ誠意ニ付適当且充分ナル保障ヲ提供センコトヲ同政府ニ対シ要求ス右以外ノ日本国ノ選択ハ迅速且完全ナル壊滅アルノミトス