五千年(敝帚自珍)

主题:【原创】飞腾的火焰-萨珊波斯四百年(不定期填坑) -- 赫克托尔

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家园 你说的有道理

我对罗马史也不太熟悉,由于萨珊和帕尔米拉与罗马历史关系太密切,我写到哪就查罗马史到哪。关于奥古斯塔,我狗了一下,结果如下

Augusta was a title given to some women -- usually females related to the emperor -- in the Roman empire.

Augusta is the female form of the title Augustus which was first given to Octavianus, founder of the Roman empire. In his will, Octavianus gave the title Julia Augusta to his wife Livia, thus adopting her into his family and giving her a continuing status. Their son, Tiberius, later forbid the use of her title.

The emperor Caligula gave the title Augusta to his grandmother, Antonia.

Agrippina, the third wife of Claudius, took the title Augusta while her husband was emperor.

Later, the title Augusta was given more frequently, usually initiated by the Roman senate and approved by the emperor. It could be given to the emperor's consort, daughter, or to other female relatives.

Constantine bestowed the title Augusta on his mother, Helena.

出处

我前文的《金紫螳螂—塞维鲁王朝与叙利亚》提到的几位太后,都有奥古斯塔头衔,还有以她们胸像为币面的钱币。

如果芝诺比娅是罗马西部人,可以认定她的头衔是皇太后,问题在于她是东方人,所以我才认为她这头衔是女皇。

《汉书 西域传》的介绍安息国说:【亦以银为钱,文独为王面,幕为夫人面】,这件事反映了安息历史上的一件趣事。安息皇帝弗拉特斯四世(Phraates IV)逃亡罗马期间,奥古斯都皇帝送给他一个意大利女奴缪萨(Musa),她的名字就是艺术女神缪斯(Muse),她生下一子即弗拉特斯五世。BC 2 年缪萨毒死老公,拥立儿子弗拉特斯五世,当时弗拉特斯五世约有 15岁,于是穆萨嫁给儿子,母子/夫妻共治,他俩发行的银币上面正反面分别是他俩的胸像。

母子/夫妻银币

亚述历史上有两个先例,人名太长记不住,具体我就不查了。《圣经》上记载了一个比较隐晦的例子,犹太希律王的王后,为了让老公替她杀人,让女儿在老公面前跳艳舞。在萨珊帝国,族内婚是受到祆教鼓励的。

在这种环境下长大的芝诺比娅肯定不排斥女皇称号,她本人的权力欲又足够旺盛,皇太后头衔肯定不能满足她的虚荣心。

以芝诺比娅的儿子为头像的硬币是有的,下一章会出现。

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