主题：【原创】削减英语课时 -- 宝特勤

随手找了一篇论文举例, Autophagy, 18:7, 1648-1661, DOI:10.1080/15548627.2021.1995151：

75%的意思出来了。

原文

Autophagy refers to a set of lysosome-based pathways that the cell employs to “eat itself”. Following a few observations in the 1950 s, it was formally named in 1963 by Christian de Duve [1]. Autophagy is now widely accepted to occur in 3 forms: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Macroautophagy is characterized by the “con-sumption” of cytosolic materials by the autophagosome, an organelle that is generated de novo by the action of numerous autophagy-related proteins (ATGs) [2,3]. Cytosolic materials can be taken up into lysosomes directly by microautophagy, which involves the invagination of lysosomal membranes [4] or through the lysosomal membrane protein LAMP2A, the characteristic protein of chaperone-mediated autophagy [5].After almost 60 years since the first observation was reported, autophagy has developed into a research field in its own right. Its development was arguably spurred by the identification of macroautophagy yeast mutants in the early 1990 s [6–8]. The discovery of macroautophagy genes opened numerous avenues of investigation, including the study of autophagy in other organisms, the characterization of auto-phagy-related proteins and the physiological roles of autopha-gy. Efforts over the years have led to the discovery of more autophagy proteins, more autophagy pathways, and a deeper understanding of its physiological and pathological roles.

译文

自噬指的是一系列基于溶酶体的途径，细胞利用这些途径“吃掉自己”。<br>经过20世纪50年代的几次观察，它于1963年由克里斯蒂安·德·杜夫正式命名[1]。<br>自噬现在被广泛接受为三种形式：巨型自噬、微型自噬和伴侣介导的自噬。<br>巨细胞自噬的特征是自噬小体消耗胞液物质，自噬小体是一种细胞器，由许多自噬相关蛋白(ATGs)作用而产生[2，3]。<br>胞浆物质可以通过微自噬直接进入溶酶体，这涉及到溶酶体膜的内陷[4]，或者通过溶酶体膜蛋白LAMP2A，这是伴侣介导的自噬的特征蛋白[5]。自首次报道以来，自噬已经发展成为一个独立的研究领域。<br>它的发展可以说是受到了1990年代初发现的巨型自噬酵母突变体的刺激[6-8].。<br>巨型自噬基因的发现开辟了许多研究途径，包括研究其他生物中的自噬、自噬相关蛋白的特性以及自噬的生理作用。<br>多年来的努力导致发现了更多的自噬蛋白，更多的自噬途径，并对其生理和病理作用有了更深入的了解。