主题：【原创】美国海军核潜艇力量的未来挑战 -- 晨枫
家园 星光制导是在主动段实施的 光学跟踪设备安装在变轨舱上，头舱分离后弹头就只能依靠惯性器件、GPS来修正误差了，当然漫长的中段飞行是没有手段修正的，要等到进大气层后攒够了误差一起靠变质心技术实施。
家园 花，三叉戟D5有过发射失败记录 
外链图片需谨慎，可能会被源头改A D-5 Trident II missile spins out of control after being launched from the nuclear-powered strategic missile submarine Tennessee (SSBN-734), 21 Mar 1989.
家园 漂亮 送花成功。感谢：作者获得通宝一枚。
作者，声望:1；铢钱:16。你，乐善:1；铢钱:-1。本帖花:1
家园 真漂亮！ 家园 田纳西号是第一个换装D5的，这次失利应该还算研制阶段吧 受教了，一直以为D5从研制阶段就没失利过呢，看来只看TG的材料是不行的。看样子像是一方向伺服机构卡死导致喷管不动了，所以一直转圈。3月21日试射失利，当年就完成改进试射成功服了现役，看来不会是什么大问题，当然美帝的水平也确实够高的。
以前一直盛传美帝的弹道导弹都没有自毁系统，我还不太相信，毕竟装上自毁系统能大幅提升核潜艇的自身安全，虽然可靠性上稍有降低但还是值得的，毕竟炸不到目标也比毁了老巢强。看了这张图才知道真没自毁系统啊，不然第一个半圆没转完就该爆炸了；美帝这种天天鼓吹个人利益的国家也知道为了大目标牺牲小群体，佩服佩服。
家园 第一次实艇发射失败有自毁 .Failure Of First Submarine Test Launch Of Trident II-D5 (PEM-1)
导弹出水就失控了，转到第二圈结束、第三圈开始时被自毁了。在母艇脑瓜顶上失控，万一落水里后爆炸，母艇可就悬了。
是youtube的视频，得翻墙看了。
家园 弹载自毁系统应该不会允许导弹转一整圈的 发动机点火后弹载自毁系统如果从惯性器件那里取到了大姿态偏航信号，会给导弹一点时间来纠偏。但如果大姿态偏航达到了180度，那一定会零延时启动自毁装药的；不敢说固体发动机药会马上殉爆，至少壳体一定会立即被撕裂，喷出的燃气会导致弹体姿态剧烈变化从而彻底摧毁主体结构。要是转个两三圈才炸掉，那应该是由外界安控设备操作手人工发出的起爆信号。试验弹都会安装外安设备，效果和弹载自毁系统一样，但不由导弹自身控制。
家园 有可能是外安设备控制起爆的，但也不排除潜艇控制起爆 
外链图片需谨慎，可能会被源头改美国、英国SSBN搞导弹发射试验时，试验艇都装有一个固定天线，很高，应该是采集导弹数据的。也应该能在导弹出水后，在必要时发送指令，炸掉导弹。
当然，测控船队也会随行。理论上应该有多重保险措施，也有相应处理预案。发射艇、测控船都能介入，进行干预。
家园 外安设备的控制肯定不在发射艇上啦 在水下猫着怎么会知道导弹出筒后是个啥姿态呢，一定是放在随行的测控指挥船上了。
第一次见这个竖起的大辫子，真是长见识了！涂黑的这段高度暴露了实弹射击试验时潜艇的航行深度，不错，TG又赚了。
不过竖起这玩意后只能用艇艉的筒了吧，不然导弹出筒后碰到它的概率可不算小。
家园 艇上遥测天线可以收集导弹飞行数据 我理解，导弹出水后若飞行姿态不正常，数据肯定能被艇上监测到，不一定需要肉眼看到。系统应该能自动触发起爆程序，也应该可以人工干预起爆。
发两张照片，看看导弹试射情况：
外链图片需谨慎，可能会被源头改1963年，美国SSBN进行水面导弹发射试验，介绍称是北极星A-2。
外链图片需谨慎，可能会被源头改1986年，英国SSBN进行水下导弹发射试验。
注意两艇的遥控遥测数据天线。
家园 出水后姿态不正常导弹自身就知道 惯性器件在发射前就工作了，如果出水后失稳，第一个知道的肯定是陀螺仪，那比肉眼要快多了。
想要保险就装上内部安全自毁设备，条件够了马上就起爆，根本不用借助外力。
想追求可靠性就不装自毁设备，但试验弹还得追求点安全性，所以临时加装外部安全设备，靠各位看客的无线电指令起爆。
至于遥测设备，和运载火箭上的装的各类传感器没有区别，记录一堆压力、温度、变形、动作到位信号等信息打个包用无线电往外传，积累全过程各项数据，方便后续型号改进设计。
家园 那是三叉戟II D5最后一次发射失败 研制过程中试射约30次，其中失败5次，1989年8月是最后一次失败。刚才查了一下Lockheed网站，从1989.8到2012.4总共23年间，有142次连续成功记录。
要是中国有那么10条泡在中太平洋，即使每条只有20发射筒，每个导弹配3个核弹头，600个核弹头在手，貌似就不用买那么多美债，台湾估计也会早日对大陆投怀送抱了。
http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/news/press-releases/2012/may/0531-ss-FBM.html
SUNNYVALE, Calif., May 31, 2012 – The U.S. Navy conducted successful test flights April 14 and 16 of four Trident II D5 Fleet Ballistic Missiles (FBMs) built by Lockheed Martin [NYSE: LMT]. The Navy launched two unarmed missiles each day from the submerged submarine USS Maryland (SSBN 738) in the Atlantic Ocean.
These tests marked the 139th, 140th, 141st and 142st successful test flights of the Trident II D5 missile since design completion in 1989 – a reliability record unmatched by any other large ballistic missile or space launch vehicle.
家园 照片所示是第一次实艇发射失败 and the first submarine launch was attempted by Tennessee, the first D-5 ship of the Ohio class, in March 1989.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trident_II
就用维基百科吧，美国敏感网站我一般不去，免得留下案底：）
还是这艘“田纳西”号，年底又进行了一次发射试验，发射试验成功。
商榷：时间起算点不应从1989年3月算，3月那次发射试验没有成功。
家园 我们在国内，似乎就没这个顾忌了，也许入境美国会受限？！ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trident_II
就用维基百科吧，美国敏感网站我一般不去，免得留下案底：）
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当访问量太大时，似乎美国人也没有这个人力来解读吧----我不信，美国固然监视了所有人，但任何敏感网站访问者都加以重点标注，并监听其生活起居……国土安全部没几百万人不够用吧？
家园 我看的是这个记录，你看看准确否 我数了数，共5次失败。不过我看漏了一项，1989共有两次失败，3月21日一次，8月15日一次。8月15日的失败应是最后一次。
Trident D-5 Chronology
1987 January 15 - . 15:25 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-1.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1987 March 17 - . 17:25 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-2.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1987 April 30 - . 20:44 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-3.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1987 June 12 - . 22:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-5.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1987 July 20 - . 20:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-6.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1987 September 8 - . 22:01 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-4.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1987 October 6 - . 17:02 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-8.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1987 December 11 - . 13:26 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-10.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1988 January 21 - . 10:08 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-9. FAILURE: Failure.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN.
1988 April 7 - . 04:59 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-11.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1988 April 28 - . 04:52 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-12.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1988 May 26 - . 02:07 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-7.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1988 July 7 - . 22:38 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-13. FAILURE: Failure.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).
1988 August 27 - . 20:04 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-14.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1988 September 19 - . 17:44 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-15. FAILURE: Failure.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).
1988 November 7 - . 16:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-18.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1988 December 16 - . 12:49 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-17.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1989 January 9 - . 10:52 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-19.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1989 January 26 - . 09:07 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC46. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-20.
Research and development launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1989 March 21 - . 16:20 GMT - . Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Platform: SSBN 734. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. FAILURE: Failure.
PEM-1 operational test launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).
1989 August 2 - . 15:00 GMT - . Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Platform: SSBN 734. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5.
PEM-2 operational test launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1989 August 15 - . 21:10 GMT - . Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Platform: SSBN 734. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. FAILURE: Failure.
PEM-4 operational test launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).
1989 December 4 - . Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Platform: SSBN 734. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5.
PEM-5 operational test launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1989 December 13 - . Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Platform: SSBN 734. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5.
PEM-11 operational test launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1989 December 15 - . Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Platform: SSBN 734. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5.
PEM-3 operational test launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1990 January 15 - . Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Platform: SSBN 734. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5.
PEM-7 operational test launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1990 January 16 - . Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Platform: SSBN 734. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5.
PEM-6 operational test launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1990 February 12 - . Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Platform: SSBN 734. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5.
DASO-1 - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1990 February 12 - . Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Platform: SSBN 734. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5.
PEM-8 test launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1990 March 12 - . Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Platform: SSBN 735. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5.
DASO-3 demonstration and shakedown operations launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1990 September 26 - . 15:55 GMT - . Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Platform: SSBN 735. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5.
DASO-4 demonstration and shakedown operations launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1990 November 3 - . Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Platform: SSBN 734. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5.
CET - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1990 November 3 - . Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Platform: SSBN 734. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5.
CINC Evaluation Test launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1990 November 3 - . Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Platform: SSBN 734. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5.
CET - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1990 November 3 - . Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Platform: SSBN 734. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5.
CET - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1990 November 28 - . Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Platform: SSBN 736. LV Family: Trident. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5.
DASO-5 demonstration and shakedown operations launch - . Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).