主题：【整理】 我来撕下自由世界的假面具 -- 懒虫123

我想知道当年中央美院在广场上立美女像的时候知道不知道这些。现在知道了这些，对当年的行为有什么感想？想对所有人做个采访。呵呵，和气生财。

今天的面坨了，不好吃。

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1885年华人在美国写的一封信

事情发生在1885年，法国把自由女神塑像捐赠给纽约，有好事者号召美国公民捐款修建自由女神塑像下的园林。美籍华人Saum Song Bo为此写了一封信，这封信首先刊登在【纽约太阳报】，后来转载在【美国牧师】月刊上。信中说：

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先生：

昨天我收到一篇让我审阅的文章，这是一篇专门号召美籍华裔老乡捐款给自由女神园林基金的文章。题目是号召美国公民的，号召热爱美国和自由的美国公民。我和我的老乡对被视为热爱自由的美国公民而感到荣幸，但我不能不面对这样的事实，美国对所有族裔都是自由的，却偏偏把华裔排除在自由之外。鉴于这样的事实，号召我们为自由女神捐款实在是对我们华裔的侮辱。自由女神高举的火炬照亮了各国移民来到美国的道路，但是，他允许中国人移民美国吗？定居在美国的华裔能够享受到和其它族裔一样的自由吗？华裔能够向其它族裔一样不受侮辱、攻击、摧残、诬陷和歧视地在这里自由迁徒吗？

如果一个中国佬来到美国，以优异成绩在美国大学毕业，全心拥抱美国的自由理念，决心在这里定居，他看到他的同胞需要有自己的法律顾问，自己的法律代表，自己的法律诉求和法律保护，他想学习成为一名律师，中国佬的他能够实行这个愿望吗？根据美国法律，只因为他是华裔，他就不能成为公民，更不能成为律师。

而捐赠自由女神塑像的是这样一个国家，它即不爱中国人，也不认为中国人值得有自由。安南的中国人难道就不能和法国人一样拥有自由吗？为什么法国要剥夺他们的自由？

中国人确实热爱自由崇拜自由，但是，那些剥夺了我们自由的人凭什么塑造一个自由女神像让我们去崇拜。

－－－--------－－－－

1885年中法战争结束，法国把中国的藩邦越南割为法国殖民地。1885年是美国通过《排华法案》后的第三年。

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下面这个链接是原文出处：

http://caamedia.org/separatelivesbrokendreams/statuepop.html

A Protest Against the Statue of Liberty

Author: Saum Song Bo

Date:1885

Annotation: In the pages of a missionary magazine, Saum Song Bo describes the irony of erecting a Statue of Liberty just after the United States had enacted a law excluding Chinese from the United States.

Document: SIR: A paper was presented to me yesterday for inspection, and I found it to be specially drawn up for subscription among my countrymen toward the Pedestal Fund of the Bartholdi Statue of Liberty. Seeing that the heading is an appeal to American citizens, to their love of country and liberty, I feel that my countrymen and myself are honored in being thus appealed to as citizens in the cause of liberty. But the word liberty makes me think of the fact that this country is the land of liberty for men of all nations except the Chinese. I consider it as an insult to us Chinese to call on us to contribute toward building in this land a pedestal for a statue of Liberty. That statue represents Liberty holding a torch which lights the passage of those of all nations who come Into this country. But are the Chinese allowed to come? As for the Chinese who are here, are they allowed to enjoy liberty as men of all other nationalities enjoy it? Are they allowed to go about everywhere free from the insults, abuse, assaults, wrongs and injuries from which men of other nationalities are free?

If there be a Chinaman who came to this country when a lad, who has passed through an American institution of learning of the highest grade, who has so fallen in love with American manners and ideas that he desires to make his home in this land, and who, seeing that his countrymen demand one of their own number to be their legal adviser, representative, advocate and protector, desires to study law, can he be a lawyer? By the law of this nation, he, being a Chinaman, cannot become a citizen, and consequently cannot be a lawyer.

And this statue of Liberty is a gift to a people from another people who do not love or value liberty for the Chinese. Are not the Annamese and Tonquinese Chinese, to whom liberty is as dear as to the French? What right have the French to deprive them of their liberty?

Whether this statute against the Chinese or the statue to Liberty will be the more lasting monument to tell future ages of the liberty and greatness of this country, will be known only to future generations.

Liberty, we Chinese do love and adore thee; but let not those who deny thee to us, make of thee a graven image and invite us to bow down to it.

哈哈

录像， 我不知道怎么搬过来外链出处

英文原文：外链出处U.K. forced Guardian newspaper to wreck computers after Snowden leaks: editor

英国政府特工前往《卫报》总部，销毁了存有斯诺登解密文件的硬盘

英国《卫报》主编罗斯布里奇昨天表示，英国政府一个月前曾经派特工前往该报总部，监督销毁了储存有斯诺登揭秘文件的电脑。不过据《卫报》记者格林沃尔德此前透露，斯诺登所掌握的文件早已分散至全球多处保存。罗斯布里奇也指出，英国政府的这一做法表现了“对数字时代的无知”，《卫报》将继续逐步披露斯诺登的秘密文件。

不过，此举表明了英国政府打算阻止“棱镜门事件”继续发酵的意图。美国官员透露，英国近日拘捕格林沃尔德同伴的行为，同样是为了销毁其掌握的斯诺登相关资料。

“确保不被弄到中国间谍手中”

19日，英国《卫报》主编阿兰·罗斯布里奇（Alan Rusbridger）发表了一篇评论文章，抨击英国政府以《恐怖主义法》附件7为依据拘捕“棱镜门”揭秘记者格林沃尔德的同伴大卫·米兰达的行为，称之为“所有记者面临的共同威胁”。

文章还透露，大概两个月前，一名英国政府高级官员曾经联系到他，声称要传达英国首相本人的观点。该官员要求《卫报》交出或者销毁手上掌握的斯诺登揭秘材料，否则会遭到严厉对待。

一个月之后，罗斯布里奇接到了一个来自中央政府的更加强硬的电话，电话称“你们已经玩得够高兴了，我们现在想把东西拿回来”。政府特工再次提出了销毁文件的要求，称“你们已经得到了想要的辩论，不需要进行更多的报道了”。

不顾《卫报》的抗议，两名来自英国间谍机构政府通信总部(GCHQ)的工作人员来到《卫报》位于伦敦北部办公室，在地下室里监督销毁了该报的硬盘。

罗斯布里奇说，这些硬盘被掰断撕碎，“GCHO两名安全专家监视了整个过程……只为了确保残留下来的碎片将没有可能再被弄到中国间谍手中。”罗斯布里奇称之为“《卫报》漫长历史中最为离奇的时刻之一”。

“毫无意义的象征性举措”

对于英国政府销毁硬盘的行为，罗斯布里奇感到十分可笑。他说，“白厅（Whitehall）也许感到满意了吧，但这就像是一个毫无意义的象征性举措，他们对于数字时代一点也不了解。”

罗斯布里奇透露，自己已经向英国政府官员解释过这个时代的媒体运作方式：“媒体会充分利用宽松的法律环境，我们大部分关于美国国安局的报道都是从纽约发出的。而且你们有没有意识到，格林沃尔德本人住在巴西？”

斯诺登事件的最初爆料人、英国《卫报》记者格林沃尔德大约两个月以前也曾发出过类似的信息。他指出，斯诺登手上还握有大量未披露的信息，这些信息分散在全球“上千个地方”，足以给美国造成史无前例的灾难。

尽管时间上似有重合，我们不知道格林沃尔德的话与英国政府的行为有无关系。当时外界猜测，这一表态是为了保证斯诺登的人身安全。

罗斯布里奇强调，《卫报》将继续对斯诺登泄露的文件进行细致的报道，但这些报道不会在伦敦进行。

“英格兰也逃不掉”

英国路透社报道称，英国政府销毁《卫报》硬盘的行为虽然不会立即消灭围绕监听门的揭秘，但一进给表明了他们的强硬态度，而且还会付出更多的努力来达到目的。

18日，英国警方在伦敦希斯罗机场扣押了格林沃德的同伴，巴西人大卫·米兰达，引发《卫报》和格林沃尔德本人的愤怒。尽管米兰达今天已经获释，但他的手机、电脑和录音笔都被没收。

路透社援引一名美国安全官员的话说，英国拘捕米兰达的目的就是要发出信息，警告其他持有斯诺登揭秘文件的人，英国政府是认真地想要消除棱镜门报道。

不过，格林沃尔德已经表示，如果英国政府认为拘捕他的同伴就能阻止他的报道，那么他们完全搞反了。

“从今以后，我的报道会更有攻击性，我会发布更多的秘密文件。英格兰也逃不掉，我掌握着很多关于英国间谍系统的文件。”

a place at the table. 还是比较值得看的

101M Get Food Aid from Federal Gov’t; Outnumber Full-Time Private Sector Worker

July 8, 2013 - 11:32 AM

原标题：叙利亚化学武器指控真相难明

　　据中东媒体报道，8月20晚至21日晨，大马士革郊区遭沙林毒气火箭弹袭击，造成大量人员伤亡。事件发生时正值联合国化学武器调查组在叙利亚进行调查，究竟是谁使用了化学武器？这引发了国际社会的严重关注，至今仍是悬案。

　　现场医生称，死者多是妇女和儿童，他们身无伤痕，瞳孔放大，口吐白沫，属于典型的神经毒气死亡。叙利亚反对派首先站出来指责政府军动用化学武器，使1300多名平民遇难，6000多人受伤，并播出了相关视频。但叙利亚政府很快反驳说，政府军的这种指控纯属谎言，并重申叙政府不会对叙人民使用大规模杀伤性武器。叙利亚政府军强调，这些指控是恐怖组织及其支持者的媒体战，意在掩盖其战场失败。

　　联合国化学武器调查组18日刚抵达叙利亚调查化学武器。叙利亚冲突28个月以来，有10万多人丧生，叙政府和反对派都指责对方使用了化学武器。此次事件发生后，英国外交大臣黑格23日表示，他相信是忠于叙利亚总统巴沙尔·阿萨德的部队发动了此次化学武器攻击。他还称，有人说这是叙利亚反对派的某种阴谋，但他认为这种可能性相当小。在叙利亚问题上和英国站在一边，推动向反对派提供武器的法国22日称，如果证实叙政府军动用化学武器，欧洲和国际社会必须要有强烈反应和作为，尽管目前还不可能向叙派地面部队。

　　不过俄外交部表示，联合国在叙刚开始化学武器调查就发生此次攻击事件和对叙利亚政府的指控，这显然是有计划的蓄意挑拨和煽动。俄外交部发言人卢卡舍维奇22日表示，21日清晨，叙利亚反对派向事件发生地区发射了含不确定有毒化学物质的自制火箭弹，造成平民伤亡。卢卡舍维奇23日再次表示，“叙利亚使用过化学武器”的报道可能是有计划的行动，指责政府军的消息是在所谓袭击前几个小时爆出的，因此，这是预先有计划的行动。

　　包括美国舆论在内的很多方面都认为，叙利亚政府近来在首都地区的战场上正处于优势，而且联合国正在叙利亚调查化学武器，此时政府方面使用化武有悖常理，因为这会冒导致平民大量伤亡、招致西方军事干涉的风险。美国国务院发言人普萨基22日表示，美国政府目前尚无法断定是叙利亚政府使用了化学武器，但正在努力尽快查明真相。美国虽然强烈谴责此次化学武器攻击事件，要求立即调查和追究责任，但拒绝对叙利亚设“新红线”。美参联会主席登普西表示，美军没有兴趣采取军事行动阻止巴沙尔，既不赞成使用美军地面部队，也不赞成使用巡航导弹等武装进行干预，他称美国介入阿拉伯国家战争泥潭并不能带去解决民族冲突的和平战略。

　　叙政府曾要求联合国派团调查化学武器，但又拒绝在全境调查。瑞典武器专家塞斯特罗姆领导的联合国调查组从4月以来等候至今，才获准进入叙利亚进行调查，两周的调查只涉及是否使用化学武器，而不调查使用者是谁，且只在阿勒颇等3个涉嫌使用化学武器的地区调查。

　　一些舆论认为，此次化学武器攻击事件发生的时间、地点、动机均疑问重重，以至于真相至今扑朔迷离。但无论怎样，都将给叙利亚的内乱起到火上浇油的作用。叙利亚反对派已对联合国的调查和西方援助的不力表示失望和沮丧，称必须依靠自己的力量报复“化学武器屠杀”。（本报特拉维夫8月24日电 本报驻特拉维夫记者 陈克勤）

(来源:光明日报)

叙利亚政府宣布，是叛军制造了大马士革郊区 Ain Tarma, Zamalka 以及 Jobar的化学武器袭击。

政府军在大马士革郊区Jobar的叛军地道中找到储存的化学武器。

最早进入地道的数名士兵窒息，救护车赶到将窒息士兵运往医院。

纽约时报的报道就有些龌龊了：

外链出处

Signs of Chemical Attack Detailed by Aid GroupBy BEN HUBBARD

Published: August 24, 2013

BEIRUT, Lebanon — An international aid group said Saturday that medical centers it supported near the site of a suspected chemical weapons attack near Damascus received more than 3,000 patients showing symptoms consistent with exposure to toxic nerve agents on the morning of the reported attack.

Enlarge This Image

Reuters

A man holds the body of a dead child after what activists claim was a chemical weapons attack in the suburbs of Damascus on Wednesday.

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Video Feature Watching Syria’s War

In Shock, Survivor of Attack Says, ‘I’m Alive’.Related

Accounts of Syrian Prisons Describe a Volatile Mix of Chaos and Control (August 25, 2013)

Russia Urges Syria to Cooperate in Chemical Weapons Inquiry (August 24, 2013)

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.Of those, 355 died, said the group, Doctors Without Borders.

The statement is the first issued by an international organization working in Syria about the attack on Aug. 21 in the suburbs northeast of Damascus, the capital. Antigovernment activists have said that hundreds of people were killed when government forces pelted the area with rockets that spewed poisoned gas.

Doctors Without Borders said it could not confirm what substances caused the symptoms or who was responsible for the attack, but its report appears to lend credibility to other accounts of the episode by witnesses and to the opposition’s estimates of the dead. The Syrian government has denied that it used chemical weapons and on Saturday it said its soldiers had found chemical supplies in areas seized from rebel forces. Russia, a close ally of the Syrian government led by President Bashar al-Assad, accused the rebels of using the weapons, although few analysts believe that they have the supplies or ability to do so.

Determining the nature of the attack on Wednesday could affect the course of Western involvement in the war, and the United States, Russia and others have called for a United Nations team sent to Syria to investigate past suspected chemical weapons use to be given access to the site.

On Saturday, Angela Kane, the United Nations’ high representative for disarmament affairs, arrived in Damascus to urge the government to grant access to the team. She did not speak to reporters after her arrival.

Doctors Without Borders said the symptoms of the patients were reported by three medical facilities it supported in the area of the reported attack.

Stephen Cornish, one of the group’s executive directors, said it had “a strong and reliable relationship” with the clinics that included providing them with supplies and technical training.

The group’s statement said that in three hours on Wednesday morning, the three clinics received some 3,600 patents who had symptoms indicating exposure to a chemical nerve agent, including breathing problems, dilated pupils, convulsions, foaming at the mouth and blurred vision. Many of the medics in the three centers also experienced some symptoms, Mr. Cornish said. One of them died.

“When you put these elements together, what it suggests to us is a neurotoxic agent,” he said.

The clinics have seen similar cases before, Mr. Cornish said, so Doctors Without Border had given them 1,600 doses of atropine, the most common treatment. Since the attack, the group has sent 15,000 more doses and incorporated training on dealing with such cases into all of its programs in Syria.

Last year, President Obama declared the use of chemical weapons in Syria a red line that could prompt a harsh American response, but recent statements by American officials saying that they believed that Mr. Assad’s forces had used chemical weapons “on a small scale” multiple times in the last year have not led to a drastic public change in American involvement in the war. Mr. Obama has supported an investigation into Wednesday’s attack, but has expressed hesitance about getting the United States involved militarily.

Pentagon officials disclosed Saturday that the Navy had increased its presence in the eastern Mediterranean Sea to four destroyers, each carrying long-range Tomahawk cruise missiles similar to those launched in past American attacks on Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya,

The Navy historically has deployed two destroyers in the eastern Mediterranean, but had quietly added one more over recent months. The Navy’s commander in the region added a fourth, at least temporarily, by delaying a scheduled return to port for one warship and accelerating the arrival of its replacement.

While the Syrian government has not publicly responded to the demands to let inspectors visit the site, on Saturday it stepped up its efforts to blame rebels for the attack, first announcing on state-run television that its soldiers had found a tunnel filled with chemical compounds near the attack site and that some of the soldiers were choking and had to be evacuated.

Hours later, after broadcasting a news documentary called “The Yellow Wind” that accused the rebels of using such weapons in previous attacks, the channel showed images of Syrian soldiers exploring a tunnel and what it claimed was a rebel storeroom.

The images showed gas canisters, hand grenades, mortar rounds, bags of unidentified white power, gas masks and large plastic bottles in a concrete room. “Made in Saudi Arabia” was written on one of the plastic bottles, and the announcers said other items were made in Qatar and the United States. Saudi Arabia and Qatar are strong supporters of the Syria rebels.

The images did not show any soldiers choking.

Michael R. Gordon and Thom Shanker contributed reporting from Washington.

谢谢唵啊吽的提供的资料

外链出处

石井四郎（いしい しろう；1892年6月25日－1959年10月9日），日本千叶县加茂村人，日本军人。日军731部队首脑。为了证明其研究的有效而获得经费，他曾亲身用自己设计的净水器将尿和污水净化后饮食，据说该净水器还曾在琉黄岛等战事中发挥作用。

为第二次世界大战结束前，曾领导部下在中国等地进行活人细菌感染、解剖实验。

据称第二次世界大战结束后，石井四郎用其细菌研究的资料数据和驻日美军进行交易，逃避了战争法庭的审判。之后随着1952年后日美缔结和约，日本政府得到了赦免战犯的权力，于是一大批B C类战犯都得以免于罪责（靖国新论）。

1952年，中国出版的刊物《世界知识》中的《抗議侵朝美軍的滔天罪行》一文声称石井四郎等原731部队成员前往韩国，协助进行细菌战。此說法後來被藤井志津枝重復。

戰後石井四郎對禪著迷，宛如禪僧般地生活,每天都去若松町自家附近的月桂寺，向僧侶請教。最后入了基督教。[1]

1959年10月9日，石井四郎因喉頭癌於國立東京第一醫院逝世，享年69歲。

外链出处

Immunity[edit source | editbeta]

Arrested by the US occupation authorities at the end of World War II, Ishii and other Unit 731 leaders were to be thoroughly interrogated by the Soviet authorities.[6] Instead Ishii and his team managed to negotiate and receive immunity in 1946 from war-crimes prosecution before the Tokyo tribunal in exchange for their full disclosure of germ warfare data based on human experimentation. Although the Soviet Russian authorities wished the prosecutions to take place, the USA objected after the reports of the investigating US microbiologists. Among these was Dr. Edwin Hill (Chief of Fort Detrick), whose report stated that the information was "absolutely invaluable", it "could never have been obtained in the USA because of scruples attached to experiments on humans", and "the information was obtained fairly cheaply".[6] On 6 May 1947, Douglas MacArthur wrote to Washington that "additional data, possibly some statements from Ishii probably can be obtained by informing Japanese involved that information will be retained in intelligence channels and will not be employed as 'War Crimes' evidence."[7] The deal was concluded in 1948.[citation needed] In this way Ishii was never prosecuted for any war crimes.

Richard Drayton, a Cambridge University history lecturer, claimed that Ishii later went to Maryland to advise on bioweapons.[8] If Ishii did travel to Maryland, it was most likely to advise at Fort Detrick, a well known major biomedical experimentation facility in Frederick, Maryland. Another source says he stayed in Japan,[9] where he opened a clinic where he did examinations and treatments for free. He was especially concerned with the health of children. In his final years he converted to Christianity.[10] He kept a diary but it did not reference any of his wartime activity.[11] He died of throat cancer at the age of 67.[12]

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.外链出处

Fort Detrick sent several investigators to Japan after the war to interrogate captured Japanese scientists. Leading the team was Dr. Norbert Fell and Lieutenant Colonel Arvo Thompson. Working with General Douglas MacArthur's intelligence team at Supreme Commander Allied Powers (SCAP), Dr. Fell and Thompson learned the full extent of the Japanese program headed by Lieutenant General Shiro Ishii. In the European Theater, Nazi Germany had put its effort into chemical research. It also used thousands of Jewish inmates in the concentration camps for grisly surgical and medical research. Nazi Germany is said to have had a mortal fear of the U.S. BW capability and decided against BW shortly after America entered the war in 1942

对比看2 个录像， 一个是央视记者现场的采访；另一个是ABC新闻网。 同一个现场，不同的解读：一个说煤球是黑的，另一个说煤球是白的。

央视2013-08-25

叙利亚毒气弹事件最新消息 记者实地探访疑似化学武器受袭地区 叙利亚毒气弹事件最新消息 记者实地探访疑似化学武器受袭地区

外链出处

2， 这个是美国ABC新闻网， youtube上的录像。

外链出处

岸信介的外孙就是现任总理安倍晋三

外链出处

岸信介（Kishi Nobusuke；1896～1987） 日本山口县人。操纵伪满洲国的五人帮之一，人称满洲之妖。甲级战犯，他曾在1957年、1958年两度组阁，担任过三年多的内阁总理大臣。通过了日美安保条约，他还是战后首开敌视新中国先河的人物。

岸信介（KishiNobusuke；1896～1987）日本政治家。原姓佐藤，后成为岸

《时代周刊》封面上的岸信介

姓养子。其亲弟佐藤荣作亦曾为首相。其外孙安倍晋三是日本第90代首相。1896年11月13日生于日本山口县人。那里先后出过八名总理大臣。荻市出过所谓“明治维新精神导师”吉田松荫。1920年在东京帝国大学法学部毕业。同年入农商务省，在该省文书科、临时产业局等处任事务官。1925年后历任商工省工务、文书和统计科长，1935年升为工务局长，1936年后历任伪满洲国政府实业部总务司司长、产业部次长和总务厅次长等职，和关东军参谋长东条英机，满洲国总务厅长星野直树，满铁总裁松冈洋右，满洲重工业开发株式会社会长鲇川义介并称满洲五巨头。在中国期间，因生活放荡，每晚饮酒嫖妓，性情古怪，喜怒哀乐无常，且刚愎自用使人难以捉摸，故又被人称为“昭和之妖”。

1939年调回日本，历任阿部信行内阁、米内光政内阁、近卫文麿内阁等的商工省政务次官，因坚持经济统治政策与工商大臣小林一三发生争持而辞职。1941年在东条英机上台后，任内阁商工大臣。曾在东条英机的对美宣战诏书上副署。 1942年4月在“大政翼赞会”支持下首次当选为众议员，1943年商工省和军需省合并后，任军需省次官。全面负责战时统治经济，指挥军需生产和战争物资的调配，成为东条英机的得力干将。1944年7月，美军攻陷塞班岛，他向东条英机进言，美B29飞机将会轰炸日本的军需工厂，军需生产将显著下降，应该结束战争。但被东条英机骂了一句“你们文官懂个屁！”而下不来台。其后，内困外交的东条英机被重臣逼得改造内阁，于是派东京宪兵队长四方谅二大佐去劝他辞职，而岸信介这时却倒向反东条一方，拒不辞职，逼得东条英机只好下台。日本投降后，被定为甲级战犯关进东京巢鸭监狱。1948年在东条英机等7名甲级战犯被处死的翌日获释。出狱后的岸信介曾在东京开设过一家公司，其成员大多是右翼人士以及被剥夺公职的政界人士。

战犯岸信介

1952年解除“整肃”，同年组织“日本再建同盟”。

1953年选入众议院，参加组织日本民主党。1954年又与鸠山一郎等组成日本民主党，任干事长。1955年民主党并入自由民主党。翌年，在石桥湛山内阁中任外务大臣。因石桥有病，他于1957年2月接任首相。任首相期间，与美国签订新的日美安全条约。上台后强调日美具有特殊关系，并努力缓和与东南亚和南亚各国之间的紧张局面。由于示威事件迭起，他被迫辞职，但此后仍为自民党积极分子，到处活动。后历任自民党高级顾问，日美协会、日英协会、家族计划国际协力财团会长、自由宪法制定促进国民会议议长，皇学馆大学校长等职。1960年6月23日下台。1968年任皇学馆大学校长。曾任“日韩合作委员会”日方会长、日蒋“合作策进委员会”成员、国际文化振兴会和家族计划国际协力财团会长、联合国人口活动基金会理事。1982年1月任自民党最高顾问。1979年8月获联合国和平奖。1980年3月任日中研究会顾问。1987年8月7日病死。成为在战争期间与战后从未离开日本政治权力中枢的政坛人物。

巴西就总统遭美国窃听传唤美国大使

发布：2013-09-02 22:47:31作者：微天下 【巴西就总统遭美国窃听传唤美国大使】法新社报道，由于出现关于美国国家安全局对巴西总统罗塞夫进行窃听的新说法，巴西当局今天传唤了美国驻巴西大使。

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U.S. Spied on Presidents of Brazil and Mexico, Globo Reports

By Joshua Goodman - Sep 2, 2013 3:04 PM

Print QUEUEQ..The U.S. intercepted phone calls and e-mails of the presidents of Brazil and Mexico to showcase the reach of an anti-terror surveillance program, according to documents leaked by fugitive security analyst Edward Snowden.

The allegations were made last night by American journalist Glenn Greenwald, who obtained secret documents from Snowden in May, on Brazil’s most-watched TV news magazine, Fantastico, owned by the Globo network.

In one document, the National Security Agency cites how it intercepted text messages by Mexico’s Enrique Pena Nieto in which the then-presidential front-runner discusses two possible cabinet picks. The 24-slide presentation was dated June 2012, a month before Pena Nieto was elected. In the case of Brazil, the document highlights software that was used to probe President Dilma Rousseff’s communications with several unidentified aides. Both leaders will cross paths with President Barack Obama this week at a Group of 20 summit in Russia.

“What struck me about these documents was how personal they were. They had pictures of them,” Greenwald, who lives in Rio de Janeiro and writes for The Guardian newspaper, said in a phone interview. “I’d think there has to be some sense of violation and invasion that will produce some outrage.”

Ambassador Called

Justice Minister Jose Eduardo Cardozo, who met last week in Washington with Vice President Joe Biden to discuss Brazilian concerns about the surveillance program, told Fantastico that such spying is “unacceptable,” and if confirmed, constitute a “clear violation of our national sovereignty.”

Rousseff, after an emergency meeting with Cardozo and other aides last night, called on the U.S. ambassador, Thomas Shannon, to provide explanations. The U.S. envoy left without speaking to reporters following a meeting this morning with Foreign Minister Luiz Alberto Figueiredo. Pena Nieto’s office didn’t immediately return an e-mail seeking comment.

Greenwald said the presentation was part of the first batch of documents he received from Snowden when he met him in Hong Kong in May. That was before the former Booz Allen Hamilton Holding Corp. (BAH) employee was granted a one-year asylum in Russia on President Vladimir Putin’s condition that he stop disclosing documents that harm U.S. interests.

Brazil Spying

In July, Greenwald co-wrote articles in O Globo newspaper that said Brazil’s telecommunications network, a hub for traffic from Latin America, was a priority target for the NSA, alongside China, Iran and Russia. The surveillance was facilitated by associations between Brazilian and American companies, the extent and names of which Greenwald said he couldn’t verify.

Shannon at the time denied the report by the Rio de Janeiro newspaper, telling officials that the U.S. didn’t spy on Brazilian citizens and only collects records of phone calls or e-mail messages abroad to pursue suspected terrorists.

“Shannon first said we only look at meta-data,” said Greenwald. “It was a complete and absolute lie.”

The secret document disclosed yesterday was prepared by a division of the NSA known only by its acronym SATC, Greenwald said. The presentation concludes that by teaming with the NSA’s division in Latin America, the agency was able to penetrate the communications networks of high-profile, security-savvy Brazilian and Mexican targets. The benefits of the exercise allow analysts to “find a needle in a haystack in a repeatable and efficient way,” according to the document.

A press official at the U.S. Embassy said any statement would be handled by the State Department in Washington, where staffing is limited due to the Labor Day holiday. Rousseff’s office and the Foreign Ministry declined to comment.

Washington Visit

Pena Nieto didn’t mention the allegations in his annual state of the union address today. His foreign minister, Jose Antonio Meade, later said that the government is seeking information from the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico.

Rousseff and Pena Nieto will meet Obama at the G-20 summit this week in St. Petersburg. In addition, Rousseff is also scheduled to be feted at the White House in October during the first state visit by a Brazilian leader in more than two decades.

That visit was scheduled before Snowden’s leaks rocked relations between the Western Hemisphere’s two biggest economies, leading Rousseff’s government to take its concerns to the United Nations and discuss legislation to restrict data gathering by U.S. companies in Brazil.

Collecting Data

Cardozo said that in his meetings last week with Biden and Attorney General Eric Holder he proposed a protocol of intentions between the two countries to reinforce Brazil’s sovereignty and prevent the U.S. from collecting data in the country without a judicial order. The proposal was rejected, Cardozo said.

In a separate document shown by Fantastico outlining the NSA’s assessment of U.S. geopolitical challenges through 2019, the rise of Brazil on the global stage is classified as a “stressor” to regional stability and a potential risk to U.S. interests. In the document it appears alongside Iran, Mexico, Sudan, Egypt and several other countries under the heading “Friends, Enemies or Problems?”

“The government reaction has to be fast because this is a delicate problem,” Andre Cesar, director of consulting firm Prospectiva, said by phone from Brasilia. “Officials have to show strength. They have to show that they won’t accept this.”