主题：给“镭射”的答复 -- 思索

委任统治制度 mandate system

　　第一次世界大战结束后，帝国主义战胜国所建立的通过国际联盟对战败国的殖民地进行再分割和统治的一种制度。《国际联盟盟约》规定，战前（甲）奥斯曼帝国（土耳其）所属近东部分地区、（乙）德国所属非洲殖民地、（丙）德国所属西南非和太平洋诸岛，均由国际联盟委任英国、法国和日本等国进行统治。被统治的殖民地称为委任统治地，受委任进行统治的国家称为受委任国。

受委任国的任务，对甲类委任统治地，是给予行政“指导及援助”；

对乙类委任统治地，是根据所规定的条件将其作为单独的领土担负地方行政责任；

对丙类委任统治地，是按照各种保证将其作为自己领土的组成部分加以治理。

在形式上受委任国与委任统治地是一种“保护”关系，受委任国对国际联盟负责，须就委任统治地之情况向行政院提出年度报告。到第二次世界大战结束成立联合国时，甲类委任统治地，如伊拉克、叙利亚和黎巴嫩，均已成为独立国家；而乙类和丙类委任统治地，则被转为联合国托管制度下的托管领土。

当时属甲类委任统治地的有叙利亚、黎巴嫩、巴勒斯坦、外约旦和伊拉克；乙类委任统治地有多哥、喀麦隆、卢旺达——布隆迪、坦噶尼喀；丙类委任统治地有西南非洲、新几内亚、瑙鲁、西萨摩亚和赤道以北岛屿。

麻烦自己看看国际联盟盟约：

ARTICLE 22.

To those colonies and territories which as a consequence of the late war have ceased to be under the sovereignty of the States which formerly governed them and which are inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world, there should be applied the principle that the well-being and development of such peoples form a sacred trust of civilisation and that securities for the performance of this trust should be embodied in this Covenant.

The best method of giving practical effect to this principle is that the tutelage of such peoples should be entrusted to advanced nations who by reason of their resources, their experience or their geographical position can best undertake this responsibility, and who are willing to accept it, and that this tutelage should be exercised by them as Mandatories on behalf of the League.

The character of the mandate must differ according to the stage of the development of the people, the geographical situation of the territory, its economic conditions and other similar circumstances.

Certain communities formerly belonging to the Turkish Empire have reached a stage of development where their existence as independent nations can be provisionally recognized subject to the rendering of administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone. The wishes of these communities must be a principal consideration in the selection of the Mandatory.

Other peoples, especially those of Central Africa, are at such a stage that the Mandatory must be responsible for the administration of the territory under conditions which will guarantee freedom of conscience and religion, subject only to the maintenance of public order and morals, the prohibition of abuses such as the slave trade, the arms traffic and the liquor traffic, and the prevention of the establishment of fortifications or military and naval bases and of military training of the natives for other than police purposes and the defence of territory, and will also secure equal opportunities for the trade and commerce of other Members of the League.

There are territories, such as South-West Africa and certain of the South Pacific Islands, which, owing to the sparseness of their population, or their small size, or their remoteness from the centres of civilisation, or their geographical contiguity to the territory of the Mandatory, and other circumstances, can be best administered under the laws of the Mandatory as integral portions of its territory, subject to the safeguards above mentioned in the interests of the indigenous population.

In every case of mandate, the Mandatory shall render to the Council an annual report in reference to the territory committed to its charge.

The degree of authority, control, or administration to be exercised by the Mandatory shall, if not previously agreed upon by the Members of the League, be explicitly defined in each case by the Council.

A permanent Commission shall be constituted to receive and examine the annual reports of the Mandatories and to advise the Council on all matters relating to the observance of the mandates.