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主题:【文摘】海地--一个失败国家的历史 -- wolfgan

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[URL=] http://www.singapore-window.org/sw06/0609FEER.HTM[/URL]

British rule in Singapore was “largely indirect and decentralized as a matter of necessity” given the unwillingness to invest in police forces and other infrastructure. The British relied, for instance, on voluntary collaboration from Chinese triad associations, Malay chiefs who exerted authority over trading communities, and other networks to control the rapidly expanding Chinese population.
我觉得这段话可以说明英国人给新加坡留下了多少文化遗产和宪政文明是值得疑问的。
In the 19th century, Singapore-born Chinese merchants organized powerful kongsi organizations to ensure the wealth and welfare of their families and clans over the long term, providing for education, burials, support for the destitute and other social benefit
我觉得这就是儒家文化。

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