五千年(敝帚自珍)

主题:从个人经历谈下朱相 -- 五福

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家园 继续揭露洗地行为,某些人扯半天扯得不就是

以赛亚柏林讲的“消极自由”嘛。说到底这个东西再怎么理论包装都逃不出“任性”的成分。

我曾经指导过某人好好去读读麦金太尔等人的东西,结果某人只知道执其一端。实际上关于“积极自由”和“消极自由”的争论就算在英美国家也从来没有平息。实际上即便在美国随着经济形势的恶化“消极自由”正在慢慢让位于“积极自由”。那种契约论作为奠基的国家理论从来就没有承认一种无限制地对“消极自由”之维护。有人把“消极自由”无限拔高就是naive。

有兴趣的同学看看这本小册子,看看美国人最高法院的法官是怎么反对无限制的“消极自由”的。

Active Liberty: Interpreting Our Democratic Constitution

部分摘录

For one thing, it should be possible to trace without much difficulty a line of authority for the making of governmental decisions back to the people themselves—either directly or indirectly through those whom the people have chosen, perhaps instructed, to make certain kinds of decisions in certain ways. And this authority must be broad. The people must have room to decide and leeway to make mistakes.For another, the people themselves should participate in government—though their participation may vary in degree. Participation is most forceful when it is direct, involving, for example, voting, town meetings, political party membership, or issue- or interest-related activities.

It is weak, but still minimally exists, to the extent that it is vicarious, reflected, say, in the understanding that each individual belongs to

the political communitywith the right to participate should he or she choose to do so.

Finally, the people, and their representatives, must have the capacity to exercise their democratic responsibilities. They should possess the tools, such as information and education, necessary to participate and to govern effectively.

看看吧,美国人建国理论中的自由始终都要和相应的公共责任有关。不能负责任的人是谈不上什么自由的。西方人基于基督教的自由观念从拉就不是那种

没有羁绊,自由,会自动追求上进

他们的“自由”始终都是在一种责任的意义上讲的,从来也就不是任性。即便基于基督教的理解也仍然是这样,自由意志意味着极大的代价,就是世代面对原罪的惩罚和永远失去伊甸园中的幸福。这种把自由理解为“没有羁绊”或者是“任性”恰恰是极为肤浅的,同样也是有人从根本意义上无法融入西方社会的原因。

红脖子无限制把自己的自由解释成对权利的索取,却不想承担对等责任的行为方式,连最高法院的法官们也看不下去了。恰恰正是因为这种缺乏社会责任感的自私式斗争,在民主制的壳子下就转变为了为了讨好选民的纵容。而这种纵容也是山姆大叔不得不欺压世界各国人民来讨好本国选民的重大因素之一。

baby sit them on everything under the name of so-called "public goods".

不要babysitting的关键点就是那些喊着不要babysitting的人们真正算是长大了嘛?

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