主题:【原创】普世价值 -- MRandson
而同样的价值观,会指引相同或目的相同的行为。
规律在其适用范围内具有普适性,比如你说“我要过的更好”,不仅人,动物也一样,生物规律。
带入社会性和阶级性之后,在这个我要过的更好的普世规律上,资本家形成的价值是资本增值观是“我要效率最高”,而工人的价值观是“我要劳动效益最高”,而执政者产生的价值观是“我要永远,更多的收税。”这三个价值观成于相同的规律,而本质上又是冲突的。
无产阶级的独立政治意识觉醒,基本上和获得选举权同步。毕竟普选不单只是无产阶级得益,有更多更有政治敏感的群体也会去争取。无产阶级本身在这方面反而要落后一点。共产党是先锋队不是白说的。
See also: History of British society
See also: The Parliamentary Franchise in the United Kingdom 1885-1918
Suffrage in the United Kingdom was slowly changed over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries to allow universal suffrage through the use of the Reform Acts and the Representation of the People Acts.
* Reform Act 1832 - extended voting rights to adult males who rented propertied land of a certain value, so allowing 1 in 7 males in the UK voting rights
* Reform Act 1867 - enfranchised all male householders, so increasing male suffrage to the United Kingdom
* Representation of the People Act 1884 - amended the Reform Act of 1867 so that it would apply equally to the countryside; this brought the voting population to 5,500,000, although 40% of males were still disenfranchised, whilst women could not vote
* Between 1885-1918 moves were made by the suffragette movement to ensure votes for women. However, the duration of the First World War stopped this reform movement. See also The Parliamentary Franchise in the United Kingdom 1885-1918.
* Representation of the People Act 1918 - the consequences of World War I persuaded the government to expand the right to vote, not only for the many men who fought in the war who were disenfranchised, but also for the women who helped in the factories and elsewhere as part of the war effort. Property restrictions for voting were lifted for men, who could vote at 21; however women's votes were given with these property restrictions, and were limited to those over 30 years old. This raised the electorate from 7.7 million to 21.4 million with women making up 40% of the electorate. Seven percent of the electorate had more than one vote. The first election with this system was the United Kingdom general election, 1918
* Representation of the People Act 1928 - this made women's voting rights equal with men, with voting possible at 21 with no property restrictions
Main article: Voting rights in the United States
In the United States, suffrage is determined by the separate states, not federally. However, the "right to vote" is expressly mentioned in five Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. These five Amendments limit the basis upon which the right to vote may be abridged or denied:
* 14th Amendment (1868): Regarding apportionment of Representatives.
* 15th Amendment (1870): "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
* 19th Amendment (1920): "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex."
兄弟说的这些,当然可以说几乎是人都需要的。假如世界大同,生产力无限发达,资源无限丰富,说这个能成为普世价值当然也没有错。不过,在资源有限,而且目前来看是越来越少的今天,这个,能够成为所有人的价值吗?
权威就不可能普世,你有了权威,支配力,肯定有被你权威,被你支配的,在你是享受了普世,被你支配的人可没有这么看。
成功也不是普世的,只是说大家都希望成功,但实际上不可能都成功,否则,谁来失败?
快乐。一个美国富翁的快乐是花百万美元上月球,一个非洲饥民想的是吃饱肚子,快乐也没有普世的标准。
至于后面各条,前提是前面各条大都得到满足。一个成天为吃口饭拼命的人,要他追求清洁,是过分了。
没有普世价值,只有普世规律。价值观是随阶级、时代不同而不同的。人要活,要活好,要活得有尊严,这算一个普世规律。
鲜花已经成功送出,可通过工具取消
提示:此次送花为此次送花为【有效送花赞扬,涨乐善、声望】。
实际上,与公民权利相对应的是选举权和被选举权,而不是什么“普选权”
选举权和被选举权,中国工人早就有了,至于是什么样的选举方式,是直接民主还是间接民主,还是什么代议制民主,这个工人不会去关心的
问题在于中国工人早就有了选举权和被选举权,所以如果anderson使用选举权和被选举权的概念的话,那么他的文章也就无法得到那么多朵的花了
总的来说工人阶级是需要斗争,但是在现在的中国,工人的斗争主要是对那些资本家进行斗争,而不是争取什么普选权
貌似普选本身也不构成为一种权利,只有选举和被选举才构成为一种权利
还不完全是这个理由,至少在美国建国期间,JY们给出的主要理由是,没有财产的人非常容易被有财产的人收买选票,从而导致选举的不公正。当然这个理由也是够冠冕堂皇的
理由总是好找的,实质是不变的,政治权利怎么能随便分给别人?
我记得美国历史上有个政治家说过一段话,大意是:“我财产中包括一头驴,有这头驴,我的财产就过线,没有这头驴,我的财产就不过线。如果明年我的这头驴死了,我就没有选举权了。那么究竟是这头驴,还是我有选举权?”
想不起这位政治家是谁了。
曾经听老人们说起,当时街上摆了许多馄饨面摊,碗变敲得山响,毫不忌讳地公开拉票--凡投给他家的,免费馄饨一大碗。如果所说属实,这买票的成本可真是很低。
强盗对骗子,一向白吃白占
因为在那些人看来,人是驴(财产)的附属品,有驴的和没驴的区别不在于是否都是人,而在于驴(财产)是不是存在。。。
白吃白占好,白吃白占光荣。
要不咋吃大户会带来那么高的成就感呢?
话说俺前几天也去吃大户来着,XX工作会议。吃完了一抹嘴,再听听他们想干啥?
英国宪章运动要求普选权,法国1793年宪法要求普选权,1830年代里昂工人要求普选权。那个时候是底层主动的要求普选权。
中国解放前统治阶级主动给予普选权,其实也就是为了让自己的独裁合法化,否则决不会主动给普选权。当时的中国,骨子里还是一个半封建社会。
在我看来,一种价值观,只要被大家普遍认同,能够“普遍适用”,就是普世价值了。
这与这种价值观能否“普遍实现”是两码事。
退一步说,即使以“普遍实现”这个条件看,恐怕也还是存在一些普世价值的,这些价值观的具体体现,可参见联合国一些组织的宣言与文件。
用时间与空间来判定普世价值的不存在,逻辑上没有问题,只不过这种刻意的文字化处理就没有多少说服力了,因为其实大家心里都明白,我们现在讨论的普世价值,只是我们眼前所处的这个时代的东西。至于跨越时空的永恒普世,100年前或100年后的普世价值是什么,与我何干?还是留给哲学家去讨论吧。
而且,普世价值跟普世标准什么的,也似乎搭不上线吧。
至于普世规律,坦率地说,我是在这个帖子里第一次听说这个词汇。鉴于我们讨论的东西基本上来自于西方的材料,这个普世规律又是什么呢?law? rule? or principle?
大雪之中,与君一席扯淡,不亦乐乎,上花!
如果把知识也看作一种财富的话