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龙，在中国的神话与传说中，是一种神异动物，具有虾眼、鹿角、牛嘴、狗鼻、鲶须、狮鬃、蛇尾、鱼鳞、鹰爪、九种动物合而为一之九不像之形象。

前人分龙为四种：有鳞者称蛟龙，有翼者称为应龙，有角者称虬龙，无角者称螭龙。还有一种说法是有两角为龙，独角为蛟，无角为螭，无脚为蠋。

传说中的人类始祖伏羲、女娲，皆龙身人首（或蛇身人首），又被称为“龙祖”。华夏民族的先祖炎帝、黄帝，传说中和龙都有密切的关系，“黄帝龙轩辕氏龙图出河”（《竹书记年》），相传炎帝为其母感应“神龙首”而生，死后化为赤龙。因而中国人自称为“龙的传人”。

传说龙能隐能显，春风时登天，秋风时潜渊。又能兴云致雨。龙后成为皇权象征，皇帝又称为真龙天子，皇宫使用器物也以龙为装饰。龙被中国先民作为祖神敬奉，普遍尊尚“龙”。中国民间流传着许许多多关于龙的传说。

《山海经》记载，夏后启、蓐收、句芒等都“乘两龙”。另有书记“颛顼乘龙至四海”、“帝喾春夏乘龙”等传说。在中国，流行“耍龙灯”（“舞龙”、“龙灯舞”）等风俗。

最早时凤凰由于五行属火，因此被视为阳，代表雄性；而龙五行属水，被视为阴，代表雌性。后由于龙的形象更为帝王所喜欢，因此改为以龙为阳，以凤凰为阴。

The two most familiar interpretations of dragons are European dragons, derived from various European folk traditions, and the unrelated Oriental dragons, such as the Chinese dragon (lóng 龍 or 龙). The English word "dragon" derives from Greek δρκων (drákōn), "dragon, serpent of huge size, water-snake", which probably comes from the verb δρακεν (draken) "to see clearly".

In Western folklore, dragons are usually portrayed as evil, with the exceptions mainly appearing in modern fiction. In the modern period the dragon is typically depicted as a huge fire-breathing, scaly and horned dinosaur-like creature, with leathery wings, with four legs and a long muscular tail. It is sometimes shown with feathered wings, crests, fiery manes, ivory spikes running down its spine and various exotic colorations. Iconically it has at last combined the Chinese dragon with the western one。