主题：【合作】玉米种子 PH4CV专利翻译合作 -- 急风劲草

发明的详细描述（DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION）

Inbred maize lines are typically developed for use in the production of hybrid maize lines. Inbred maize lines need to be highly homogeneous, substantially homozygous and reproducible to be useful as parents of commercial hybrids. There are many analytical methods available to determine the homozygotic stability and the identity of these inbred lines.

玉米自交系通常开发出来用于杂交玉米系的生产。玉米自交系需要高度均匀，大大纯合，重复性好，才能被有效用于商业化的杂交种的父母本。有很多分析方法可用来确定这些自交系纯合稳定性和特征。

The oldest and most traditional method of analysis is the observation of phenotypic traits. The data is usually collected in field experiments over the life of the maize plants to be examined. Phenotypic characteristics most often observed are for traits associated with plant morphology, ear and kernel morphology, insect and disease resistance, maturity, and yield.

最古老和最传统的分析方法是对表型性状的观察。通过田间实验, 被研究的整个生命周期的玉米植株的数据得到收集。最常见的表型特征是植物形态，玉米棒和内核形态，抗病虫害，成熟和产量相关性状。

In addition to phenotypic observations, the genotype of a plant can also be examined. A plant's genotype can be used to identify plants of the same variety or a related variety. For example, the genotype can be used to determine the pedigree of a plant. There are many laboratory-based techniques available for the analysis, comparison and characterization of plant genotype; among these are Isozyme Electrophoresis, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR), DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF), Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) which are also referred to as Microsatellites, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs).

除了表型观察，对植物的基因型也可以进行检查。植物的基因型，可用于识别同一品种或相关的品种植物。例如，基因型可以用来确定植物谱系。有许多基于实验的技术可用于分析，比较和鉴别植物基因型; 其中包括同工酶电泳，限制性片段长度多态性（RFLPs），随机扩增多态性DNAs（RAPD），任意引物聚合酶链反应（AP- PCR），DNA扩增指纹（DAF），序列特征扩增区域（SCARs），扩增片段长度多态性（AFLPs），简单序列重复（SSRs），它也被称为微卫星，和单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）。

Isozyme Electrophoresis and RFLPs as discussed in Lee, M., “Inbred Lines of Maize and Their Molecular Markers,” The Maize Handbook , (Springer-Verlag, New York, Inc. 1994, at 423-432) incorporated herein by reference, have been widely used to determine genetic composition. Isozyme Electrophoresis has a relatively low number of available markers and a low number of allelic variants among maize inbreds. RFLPs allow more discrimination because they have a higher degree of allelic variation in maize and a larger number of markers can be found. Both of these methods have been eclipsed by SSRs as discussed in Smith et al., “An evaluation of the utility of SSR loci as molecular markers in maize ( Zea mays L.): comparisons with data from RFLPs and pedigree”, Theoretical and Applied Genetics (1997) vol. 95 at 163-173 and by Pejic et al., “Comparative analysis of genetic similarity among maize inbreds detected by RFLPs, RAPDs, SSRs, and AFLPs,” Theoretical and Applied Genetics (1998) at 1248-1255 incorporated herein by reference. SSR technology is more efficient and practical to use than RFLPs; more marker loci can be routinely used and more alleles per marker locus can be found using SSRs in comparison to RFLPs. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms may also be used to identify the unique genetic composition of the invention and progeny lines retaining that unique genetic composition. Various molecular marker techniques may be used in combination to enhance overall resolution.

同工酶电泳和多态性在李的书中得到讨论，参考“玉米自交系及其分子标记，”玉米手册，（施普林格出版社，纽约公司1994年，在423-432页），被广泛用于确定基因组成。在玉米自交系中, 同工酶电泳有相对不多的几个可用的标记物和等位基因变异点。RFLPs允许更多的区别，因为他们有更高级别的玉米等位变异程度及大量可以被发现的标记。这两种方法与史密斯等人讨论的SSR技术比起来, 都已经显得黯然失色，参见“An evaluation of the utility of SSR loci as molecular markers in maize ( Zea mays L.): comparisons with data from RFLPs and pedigree”, Theoretical and Applied Genetics (1997) vol. 95 at 163-173 和

Pejic et al., “Comparative analysis of genetic similarity among maize inbreds detected by RFLPs, RAPDs, SSRs, and AFLPs,” Theoretical and Applied Genetics (1998) at 1248-1255 . SSR技术比RFLP更为有效和实用; 同RFLP相比, SSR技术对应更多标记位点，被用于常规使用，每标记位点含有更多的等位基因。单核苷酸多态性可能也可以用来识别本发明的独特基因组成及保留独特基因组成的后代。各种分子标记技术可以结合使用，以提高整体的分析.

Maize DNA molecular marker linkage maps have been rapidly constructed and widely implemented in genetic studies. One such study is described in Boppenmaier, et al., “Comparisons among strains of inbreds for RFLPs”, Maize Genetics Cooperative Newsletter, 65:1991, pg. 90, is incorporated herein by reference.

玉米DNA分子标记连锁图谱的构建已经迅速的建立起来并且广泛的应用于遗传研究。参见一项次研究 Boppenmaier, et al., “Comparisons among strains of inbreds for RFLPs”, Maize Genetics Cooperative Newsletter, 65:1991, pg. 90。

Inbred maize line PH4CV is a yellow, dent maize inbred that is well suited to be used as either the female or male in production of the first generation F1 maize hybrids. Inbred maize line PH4CV is best adapted to the Central Corn Belt, Eastern, Southcentral, and Southeast areas of the United States and can be used to produce hybrids with approximately a 113 maturity based on the Comparative Relative Maturity Rating System for harvest moisture of grain. Inbred maize line PH4CV demonstrates good female yield and good Southern Corn Leaf Blight, Stewarts Bacterial Leaf Blight and Gray Leaf Spot tolerance as an inbred per se. Inbred maize line PH4CV also has above average tolerance to Diplodia, Fusarium , and Gibberella ear rots as an inbred per se. In hybrid combination, inbred PH4CV demonstrates high grain yield, good foliar disease tolerance, and short ear and plant height.

玉米自交系线PH4CV是一种黄色，凹型玉米自交系，十分适合在生产F1的第一代玉米杂交种用作雌性或雄性植株。玉米自交系线PH4CV最适合种植于美国中部玉米地带，东部，中南部，东南等地区，可以被用来生产, 基于比较相对成熟度等级系统的粮食收获湿度, 成熟度是113的杂交种。玉米自交系线PH4CV, 作为一个自交系, 表明良好的雌性产量和对南方玉米大斑病，斯蒂尤尔茨细菌性白叶枯病和灰斑病的良好耐受。玉米自交系线PH4CV, 作为自交系本身, 也有高于平均水平的耐受Diplodia，镰刀菌，以及赤穗腐烂的性质。在杂交组合中，自交系PH4CV表现出高产，良好的抗叶病性，低的玉米穗和植株的高度。

The inbred has shown uniformity and stability within the limits of environmental influence for all the traits as described in the Variety Description Information (Table 1) that follows. The inbred has been self-pollinated and ear-rowed a sufficient number of generations with careful attention paid to uniformity of plant type to ensure the homozygosity and phenotypic stability necessary to use in commercial production. The line has been increased both by hand and in isolated fields with continued observation for uniformity. No variant traits have been observed or are expected in PH4CV.

自交品系, 在环境影响的极限内, 对于品种描述信息（表1）描述的所有特征, 表现出均匀稳定性。该自交系已经经过足够多代的自花授粉和耳棱，仔细照顾以确保纯合性和表型稳定并可用于商业化生产中。该玉米系的品质, 经过手工和隔离领域，对于均匀性的持续观察, 得到提高。没有观察到或预期观察到PH4CV的任何变异性状。

Inbred maize line PH4CV, being substantially homozygous, can be reproduced by planting seeds of the line, growing the resulting maize plants under self-pollinating or sib-pollinating conditions with adequate isolation, and harvesting the resulting seed using techniques familiar to the agricultural arts.

玉米自交系线PH4CV，高度纯合，可以通过该农艺常用技术, 经过播种, 自花授粉或兄妹授粉, 保持足够隔离条件下的植株生长，收获所得种子, 得到复制。

• 【合作】玉米种子 PH4CV专利翻译合作