主题：【合作】玉米种子 PH4CV专利翻译合作 -- 急风劲草

6. The tissue culture of claim 4, wherein cells of the tissue culture are produced from a tissue selected from the group consisting of leaf, pollen, embryo, root, root tip, anther, silk, flower, kernel, ear, cob, husk and stalk.

7. A maize plant regenerated from the tissue culture of claim 4, said plant having all the morphological and physiological characteristics of inbred line PH4CV, representative seed of said inbred line having been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-4673.

8. A method for producing an F1 hybrid maize seed, comprising crossing the plant of claim 2 with a different maize plant and harvesting the resultant F1 hybrid maze seed.

9. A method of producing a male sterile maize plant comprising transforming the maize plant of claim 2 with a nucleic acid molecule that confers male sterility.

10. A male sterile maize plant produced by the method of claim 9.

11. A method of producing an herbicide resistant maize plant comprising transforming the maize plant of claim 2 with a transgene that confers herbicide resistance.

12. An herbicide resistant maize plant produced by the method of claim 11.

13. The maize plant of claim 12, wherein the transgene confers resistance to an herbicide selected from the group consisting of imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, L-phosphinothricin, triazine and benzonitrile.

14. A method of producing an insect resistant maize plant comprising transforming the maize plant of claim 2 with a transgene that confers insect resistance.

15. An insect resistant maize plant produced by the method of claim 14.

16. The maize plant of claim 15, wherein the transgene encodes a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin.

17. A method of producing a disease resistant maize plant comprising transforming the maize plant of claim 2 with a transgene that confers disease resistance.

18. A disease resistant maize plant produced by the method of claim 17.

19. A method of producing a maize plant with decreased phytate content comprising transforming the maize plant of claim 2 with a transgene encoding phytase.

20. A maize plant with decreased phytate content produced by the method of claim 19.

21. A method of producing a maize plant with modified fatty acid metabolism or modified carbohydrate metabolism comprising transforming the maize plant of claim 2 with a transgene encoding a protein selected from the group consisting of fructosyltransferase, levansucrase, alpha-amylase, invertase and starch branching enzyme or encoding an antisense of stearyl-ACP desaturase.

22. A maize plant, with modified fatty acid metabolism or modified carbohydrate metabolism, produced by the method of claim 21.

23. The maize plant of 22 wherein the transgene confers a trait selected from the group consisting of waxy starch and increased amylose starch.

24. A maize plant, or part thereof, having all the physiological and morphological characteristics of the inbred line PH4CV, representative seed of said inbred line having been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-4673.

25. A method of introducing a desired trait into maize inbred line PH4CV comprising: (a) crossing PH4CV plants grown from PH4CV seed, representative seed of which has been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-4673, with plants of another maize line that comprise a desired trait to produce F1 progeny plants, wherein the desired trait is selected from the group consisting of male sterility, herbicide resistance, insect resistance, disease resistance and waxy starch; (b) selecting F1 progeny plants that have the desired trait to produce selected F1 progeny plants; (c) crossing the selected progeny plants with the PH4CV plants to produce backcross progeny plants; (d) selecting for backcross progeny plants that have the desired trait and physiological and morphological characteristics of maize inbred line PH4CV listed in Table 1 to produce selected backcross progeny plants; and (e) repeating steps (c) and (d) three or more times in succession to produce selected fourth or higher backcross progeny plants that comprise the desired trait and all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of maize inbred line PH4CV listed in Table 1 as determined at the 5% significance level when grown in the same environmental conditions.

26. A plant produced by the method of claim 25, wherein the plant has the desired trait and all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of maize inbred line PH4CV listed in Table 1 as determined at the 5% significance level when grown in the same environmental conditions.

27. The plant of claim 26 wherein the desired trait is herbicide resistance and the resistance is conferred to an herbicide selected from the group consisting of imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, L-phosphinothricin, triazine and benzonitrile.

28. The plant of claim 26 wherein the desired trait is insect resistance and the insect resistance is conferred by a transgene encoding a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin.

29. The plant of claim 26 wherein the desired trait is male sterility and the trait is conferred by a cytoplasmic nucleic acid molecule that confers male sterility.

30. A method of modifying fatty acid metabolism, phytic acid metabolism or carbohydrate in maize inbred line PH4CV comprising: (a) crossing PH4CV plants grown from PH4CV seed, representative seed of which has been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-4673, with plants of another maize line that comprise a nucleic acid molecule encoding an enzyme selected from the group consisting of phytase, fructosyltransferase, levansucrase, alpha-amylase, invertase and starch branching enzyme or encoding an antisense of stearyl-ACP desaturase; (b) selecting F1 progeny plants that have said nucleic acid molecule to produce selected F1 progeny plants; (c) crossing the selected progeny plants with the PH4CV plants to produce backcross progeny plants; (d) selecting for backcross progeny plants that have said nucleic acid molecule and physiological and morphological characteristics of maize inbred line PH4CV listed in Table 1 to produce selected backcross progeny plants; and (e) repeating steps (c) and (d) three or more times in succession to produce selected fourth or higher backcross progeny plants that comprise said nucleic acid molecule and have all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of maize inbred line PH4CV listed in Table 1 as determined at the 5% significance level when grown in the same environmental conditions.

31. A plant, with modified fatty acid metabolism, modified phytic acid metabolism, or modified carbohydrate metabolism, produced by the method of claim 30, wherein the plant comprises the nucleic acid molecule and has all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of maize inbred line PH4CV listed in Table 1 as determined at the 5% significance level when grown in the same environmental conditions.

复【合作】玉米种子 PH4CV专利翻译合作

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【翻译】PH４CV性能实例

PH４CV性能实例（PERFORMANCE EXAMPLES OF PH4CV）

In the examples that follow, data from traits and characteristics of inbred maize line PH4CV per se and in a hybrid are given and compared to other maize inbred lines and hybrids.

复【翻译】PH４CV性能实例

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【翻译】种子储蓄(Deposits)

种子储蓄(Deposits)

Applicant has made a deposit of at least 2500 seeds of Inbred Maize Line PH4CV with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, Va. 20110 USA, ATCC Deposit No. PTA-4673. The seeds deposited with the ATCC on Sep. 18, 2002 were taken from the deposit maintained by Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., 800 Capital Square, 400 Locust Street, Des Moines, Iowa 50309-2340 since prior to the filing date of this application. Access to this deposit will be available during the pendency of the application to the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks and persons determined by the Commissioner to be entitled thereto upon request. Upon allowance of any claims in the application, the Applicant will make the deposit available to the public pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 1.808. This deposit of the Inbred Maize Line PH4CV will be maintained in the ATCC depository, which is a public depository, for a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the most recent request, or for the enforceable life of the patent, whichever is longer, and will be replaced if it becomes nonviable during that period. Additionally, Applicant has satisfied all the requirements of 37 C.F.R. §§1.801-1.809, including providing an indication of the viability of the sample upon deposit. Applicant has no authority to waive any restrictions imposed by law on the transfer of biological material or its transportation in commerce. Applicant does not waive any infringement of his rights granted under this patent or under the Plant Variety Protection Act (7 USC 2321 et seq.). U.S. Plant Variety Protection of Inbred Maize Line PH4CV has been applied for under Application No. 200200176.

All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in the specification are indicative of the level of those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. All such publications, patents and patent applications are incorporated by reference herein to the same extent as if each was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference herein.

The foregoing invention has been described in detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity and understanding. However, it will be obvious that certain changes and modifications such as single gene conversions and mutations, somocional variants, variant individuals selected from large populations of the plants of the instant inbred and the like may be practiced within the scope of the Invention, as limited only by the scope of the appended claims.

复【翻译】PH４CV性能实例

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【翻译】通过SSR的基因标记物

通过SSR的基因标记物(Genetic Marker Profile through SSR)

The present invention comprises an inbred corn plant which is characterized by the molecular and physiological data presented herein and in the representative sample of said line deposited with the ATCC. Further provided by the invention is a hybrid corn plant formed by the combination of the disclosed inbred corn plant or plant cell with another corn plant or cell and characterized by being heterozygous for the molecular data of the inbred.

In addition to phenotypic observations, a plant can also be identified by its genotype. The genotype of a plant can be characterized through a genetic marker profile which can identify plants of the same variety or a related variety or be used to determine or validate a pedigree. Genetic marker profiles can be obtained by techniques such as Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR), DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF), Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) which are also referred to as Microsatellites, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). For example, see Berry, Don, et al., “Assessing Probability of Ancestry Using Simple Sequence Repeat Profiles: Applications to Maize Hybrids and Inbreds”, Genetics, 2002, 161:813-824, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

Particular markers used for these purposes are not limited to the set of markers disclosed herein, but are envisioned to include any type of marker and marker profile which provides a means of distinguishing varieties. In addition to being used for identification of Inbred Line PH4CV, a hybrid produced through the use of PH4CV, and the identification or verification of pedigree for progeny plants produced through the use of PH4CV, the genetic marker profile is also useful in breeding and developing single gene conversions.

Means of performing genetic marker profiles using SSR polymorphisms are well known in the art. SSRs are genetic markers based on polymorphisms in repeated nucleotide sequences, such as microsatellites. A marker system based on SSRs can be highly informative in linkage analysis relative to other marker systems in that multiple alleles may be present. Another advantage of this type of marker is that, through use of flanking primers, detection of SSRs can be achieved, for example, by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), thereby eliminating the need for labor-intensive Southern hybridization. The PCR detection is done by use of two oligonucleotide primers flanking the polymorphic segment of repetitive DNA. Repeated cycles of heat denaturation of the DNA followed by annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences at low temperatures, and extension of the annealed primers with DNA polymerase, comprise the major part of the methodology.

Following amplification, markers can be scored by gel electrophoresis of the amplification products. Scoring of marker genotype is based on the size of the amplified fragment as measured by molecular weight (MW) rounded to the nearest integer. While variation in the primer used or in laboratory procedures can affect the reported molecular weight, relative values should remain constant regardless of the specific primer or laboratory used. When comparing lines it is preferable if all SSR profiles are performed in the same lab. The SSR analyses reported herein were conducted in-house at Pioneer Hi-Bred. An SSR service is available to the public on a contractual basis by Paragen (formerly Celera AgGen) in Research Triangle Park, N.C.

Primers used for the SSRs reported herein are publicly available and may be found at the World Wide Web at agron.missouri.edu/maps.html (sponsored by the University of Missouri), in Sharopova et al. (Plant Mol. Biol. 48(5-6):463-481), Lee et al (Plant Mol. Biol. 48(5-6); 453-461), or reported herein. Some marker information may be available from Paragen.

Map information is provided in centimorgans (cM) and based on a composite map developed by Pioneer Hi-Bred. This composite map was created by identifying common markers between various maps and using linear regression to place the intermediate markers. The reference map used was UMC98. Map positions for the SSR markers reported herein will vary depending on the mapping population used. Any chromosome numbers reported in parenthesis represent other chromosome locations for such marker that have been reported in the literature or on the Maize DB. Map positions are available on the Maize DB for a variety of different mapping populations.

The SSR profile of Inbred PH4CV can be used to identify hybrids comprising PH4CV as a parent, since such hybrids will comprise the same alleles as PH4CV. Because an inbred is essentially homozygous at all relevant loci, an inbred should, in almost all cases, have only one allele at each locus. In contrast, a genetic marker profile of a hybrid should be the sum of those parents, e.g., if one inbred parent had the allele 168 (base pairs) at a particular locus, and the other inbred parent had 172 the hybrid is 168.172 (heterozygous) by inference. Subsequent generations of progeny produced by selection and breeding are expected to be of genotype 168 (homozygous), 172 (homozygous), or 168.172 for that locus position. When the F1 plant is used to produce an inbred, the locus should be either 168 or 172 for that position.

In addition, plants and plant parts substantially benefiting from the use of PH4CV in their development such as PH4CV comprising a single gene conversion, transgene, or genetic sterility factor, may be identified by having a molecular marker profile with a high percent identity to PH4CV. Such a percent identity might be 98%, 99%, 99.5% or 99.9% identical to PH4CV.

The SSR profile of PH4CV also can be used to identify essentially derived varieties and other progeny lines developed from the use of PH4CV, as well as cells and other plant parts thereof. Progeny plants and plant parts produced using PH4CV may be identified by having a molecular marker profile of at least 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 99.5% genetic contribution from inbred line PH4CV.

复【翻译】PH４CV性能实例

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【翻译】杂交系比较

杂交系比较(Hybrid Comparisons)

The results in Table 3A compare a hybrid in which inbred PH4CV is a parent and a second hybrid, 33J56. The results show that the hybrid containing PH4CV produced significantly higher yield. The hybrid containing PH4CV grew to a significantly shorter plant height and had significantly lower placement of the ear than 33J56. The hybrid containing PH4CV also demonstrated significantly better scores than 33J56 for stay green and Fusarium ear rot tolerance. The hybrid containing PH4CV also had significantly less stalk lodging than 33J56.

The results in Table 3B compare a hybrid in which inbred PH4CV is a parent and a second hybrid, 3335. The results show that the hybrid containing PH4CV produced significantly higher yield.

The results in Table 3C compare a hybrid in which inbred PH4CV is a parent and a second hybrid, 3245. The results show that the hybrid containing PH4CV produced significantly higher yield. The hybrid containing PH4CV grew to a significantly shorter plant than hybrid 3245. The hybrid containing PH4CV also had significantly better stay green scores than 3245.

The results in Table 3D compare a hybrid in which inbred PH4CV is a parent and a second hybrid, 32H58. The results show that the hybrid containing PH4CV produced significantly higher yield. The hybrid containing PH4CV also demonstrated significantly better scores than 32H58 for stay green, Southern Leaf Blight tolerance, husk cover and stalk lodging.

The results in Table 3E compare a hybrid in which inbred PH4CV is a parent and a second hybrid, 31G98. The results show that the hybrid containing PH4CV grew to a significantly shorter plant height and had significantly lower placement of the ear than hybrid 31G98. The comparison also showed that the PH4CV-containing hybrid had significantly less stalk lodging and brittle snap than 31G98. The hybrid containing PH4CV also demonstrated significantly better scores than hybrid 31G98 for husk cover, Southern Leaf Blight tolerance and Fusarium ear rot tolerance.

复【翻译】PH４CV性能实例

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【翻译】自交系比较

自交系比较(Inbred Comparisons)

The results in Table 2A compare inbred PH4CV to inbred PHBE2. The results show inbred PH4CV produced significantly higher yield. Inbred PH4CV demonstrated significantly higher cold test scores than PHBE2. Inbred PH4CV also demonstrated significantly better Gray Leaf Spot tolerance scores and Southern Leaf Blight tolerance scores than PHBE2.

The results in Table 2B compare inbred PH4CV to inbred PHR03. The results show inbred PH4CV produced significantly higher yield and significantly lower harvest moisture of grain. Inbred PH4CV also showed significantly better early stand count scores, Gray Leaf Spot tolerance scores, and Southern Leaf Blight tolerance scores than PHR03.

The results in Table 2C compare inbred PH4CV to inbred PH1BC. The results show inbred PH4CV had significantly shorter plant height. Inbred PH4CV demonstrated significantly better scores for Southern Leaf Blight tolerance and Maize Dwarf Mosaic Complex resistance than PH1BC.

The results in Table 2D compare PH4CV to inbred PH2EJ. The results show inbred PH4CV produced significantly higher yield. Inbred PH4CV also demonstrated significantly better scores than PH2EJ for early growth, stay green, Gray Leaf Spot tolerance, and Southern Leaf Blight tolerance.

复【合作】玉米种子 PH4CV专利翻译合作

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【原文】INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

Maize is used as human food, livestock feed, and as raw material in industry. The food uses of maize, in addition to human consumption of maize kernels, include both products of dry- and wet-milling industries. The principal products of maize dry milling are grits, meal and flour. The maize wet-milling industry can provide maize starch, maize syrups, and dextrose for food use. Maize oil is recovered from maize germ, which is a by-product of both dry- and wet-milling industries.

Maize, including both grain and non-grain portions of the plant, is also used extensively as livestock feed, primarily for beef cattle, dairy cattle, hogs, and poultry.

Industrial uses of maize include production of ethanol, maize starch in the wet-milling industry and maize flour in the dry-milling industry. The industrial applications of maize starch and flour are based on functional properties, such as viscosity, film formation, adhesive properties, and ability to suspend particles. The maize starch and flour have application in the paper and textile industries. Other industrial uses include applications in adhesives, building materials, foundry binders, laundry starches, explosives, oil-well muds, and other mining applications.

Plant parts other than the grain of maize are also used in industry: for example, stalks and husks are made into paper and wallboard and cobs are used for fuel and to make charcoal.

The seed of inbred maize line PH4CV, the plant produced from the inbred seed, the hybrid maize plant produced from the crossing of the inbred, hybrid seed, and various parts of the hybrid maize plant and transgenic versions of the foregoing, can be utilized for human food, livestock feed, and as a raw material in industry.

复【合作】玉米种子 PH4CV专利翻译合作

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【原文】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF

发明的详细描述（DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION）

Inbred maize lines are typically developed for use in the production of hybrid maize lines. Inbred maize lines need to be highly homogeneous, substantially homozygous and reproducible to be useful as parents of commercial hybrids. There are many analytical methods available to determine the homozygotic stability and the identity of these inbred lines.

The oldest and most traditional method of analysis is the observation of phenotypic traits. The data is usually collected in field experiments over the life of the maize plants to be examined. Phenotypic characteristics most often observed are for traits associated with plant morphology, ear and kernel morphology, insect and disease resistance, maturity, and yield.

In addition to phenotypic observations, the genotype of a plant can also be examined. A plant's genotype can be used to identify plants of the same variety or a related variety. For example, the genotype can be used to determine the pedigree of a plant. There are many laboratory-based techniques available for the analysis, comparison and characterization of plant genotype; among these are Isozyme Electrophoresis, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR), DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF), Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) which are also referred to as Microsatellites, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs).

Isozyme Electrophoresis and RFLPs as discussed in Lee, M., “Inbred Lines of Maize and Their Molecular Markers,” The Maize Handbook , (Springer-Verlag, New York, Inc. 1994, at 423-432) incorporated herein by reference, have been widely used to determine genetic composition. Isozyme Electrophoresis has a relatively low number of available markers and a low number of allelic variants among maize inbreds. RFLPs allow more discrimination because they have a higher degree of allelic variation in maize and a larger number of markers can be found. Both of these methods have been eclipsed by SSRs as discussed in Smith et al., “An evaluation of the utility of SSR loci as molecular markers in maize ( Zea mays L.): comparisons with data from RFLPs and pedigree”, Theoretical and Applied Genetics (1997) vol. 95 at 163-173 and by Pejic et al., “Comparative analysis of genetic similarity among maize inbreds detected by RFLPs, RAPDs, SSRs, and AFLPs,” Theoretical and Applied Genetics (1998) at 1248-1255 incorporated herein by reference. SSR technology is more efficient and practical to use than RFLPs; more marker loci can be routinely used and more alleles per marker locus can be found using SSRs in comparison to RFLPs. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms may also be used to identify the unique genetic composition of the invention and progeny lines retaining that unique genetic composition. Various molecular marker techniques may be used in combination to enhance overall resolution.

Maize DNA molecular marker linkage maps have been rapidly constructed and widely implemented in genetic studies. One such study is described in Boppenmaier, et al., “Comparisons among strains of inbreds for RFLPs”, Maize Genetics Cooperative Newsletter, 65:1991, pg. 90, is incorporated herein by reference.

Inbred maize line PH4CV is a yellow, dent maize inbred that is well suited to be used as either the female or male in production of the first generation F1 maize hybrids. Inbred maize line PH4CV is best adapted to the Central Corn Belt, Eastern, Southcentral, and Southeast areas of the United States and can be used to produce hybrids with approximately a 113 maturity based on the Comparative Relative Maturity Rating System for harvest moisture of grain. Inbred maize line PH4CV demonstrates good female yield and good Southern Corn Leaf Blight, Stewarts Bacterial Leaf Blight and Gray Leaf Spot tolerance as an inbred per se. Inbred maize line PH4CV also has above average tolerance to Diplodia, Fusarium , and Gibberella ear rots as an inbred per se. In hybrid combination, inbred PH4CV demonstrates high grain yield, good foliar disease tolerance, and short ear and plant height.

The inbred has shown uniformity and stability within the limits of environmental influence for all the traits as described in the Variety Description Information (Table 1) that follows. The inbred has been self-pollinated and ear-rowed a sufficient number of generations with careful attention paid to uniformity of plant type to ensure the homozygosity and phenotypic stability necessary to use in commercial production. The line has been increased both by hand and in isolated fields with continued observation for uniformity. No variant traits have been observed or are expected in PH4CV.

Inbred maize line PH4CV, being substantially homozygous, can be reproduced by planting seeds of the line, growing the resulting maize plants under self-pollinating or sib-pollinating conditions with adequate isolation, and harvesting the resulting seed using techniques familiar to the agricultural arts.

复非翻译区

家园

非常感谢，非常感激。

不知道说什么好，只能送花、宝推了。

唯一的遗憾是我不懂生物，不能贡献自己的力量。

复非翻译区

家园

非常感谢，非常感激。

不知道说什么好，只能送花、宝推了。

唯一的遗憾是我不懂生物，不能贡献自己的力量。

复【原文】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF

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【翻译】发明进一步的具体表征

发明进一步的具体表征（Further Embodiments of the Invention ）

Further Embodiments of the Invention

This invention also is directed to methods for producing a maize plant by crossing a first parent maize plant with a second parent maize plant wherein either the first or second parent maize plant is an inbred maize plant of the line PH4CV. Further, both first and second parent maize plants can come from the inbred maize line PH4CV. Still further, this invention also is directed to methods for producing an inbred maize line PH4CV-derived maize plant by crossing inbred maize line PH4CV with a second maize plant and growing the progeny seed, and repeating the crossing and growing steps with the inbred maize line PH4CV-derived plant from 1 to 2 times, 1 to 3 times 1 to 4 times, or 1 to 5 times. Thus, any such methods using the inbred maize line PH4CV are part of this invention: selfing, sibbing, backcrosses, hybrid production, crosses to populations, and the like. All plants produced using inbred maize line PH4CV as a parent are within the scope of this invention, including plants derived from inbred maize line PH4CV. This includes varieties essentially derived from variety PH4CV with the term “essentially derived variety” having the meaning ascribed to such term in 7 U.S.C. § 2104(a)(3) of the Plant Variety Protection Act, which definition is hereby incorporated by reference. This also includes progeny plants and parts thereof with at least one ancestor that is PH4CV, and more specifically, where the pedigree of the progeny includes 1, 2, 3, 4, and/or 5 or less cross-pollinations to a maize plant other than PH4CV or a plant that has PH4CV as a progenitor. All breeders of ordinary skill in the art maintain pedigree records of their breeding programs. These pedigree records contain a detailed description of the breeding process, including a listing of all parental lines used in the breeding process and information on how such line was used. Thus, a breeder would know if PH4CV were used in the development of a progeny line, and would also know how many crosses to a line other than PH4CV or line with PH4CV as a progenitor were made in the development of any progeny line. The inbred maize line may also be used in crosses with other, different, maize inbreds to produce first generation (F 1 ) maize hybrid seeds and plants with superior characteristics.

Specific methods and products produced using inbred line PH4CV in plant breeding are encompassed within the scope of the invention listed above.

One such embodiment is a method for developing a PH4CV progeny maize plant in a maize plant breeding program comprising: obtaining PH4CV or its parts, utilizing said plant or plant parts as a source of breeding material; and selecting a PH4CV progeny plant with molecular markers in common with PH4CV or morphological and/or physiological characteristics selected from the characteristics listed in Tables 1 or 2. Breeding steps that may be used in the maize plant breeding program include pedigree breeding, backcrossing, mutation breeding, and recurrent selection. In conjunction with these steps, techniques such as restriction fragment polymorphism enhanced selection, genetic marker enhanced selection (for example SSR markers), and the making of double haploids may be utilized.

Another such embodiment is the method of crossing inbred maize line PH4CV with another maize plant, such as a different maize inbred line, to form a first generation population of F1 hybrid plants. The population of first generation F1 hybrid plants produced by this method is also an embodiment of the invention. This first generation population of F1 plants will comprise an essentially complete set of the alleles of inbred line PH4CV. One of ordinary skill in the art can utilize either breeder books or molecular methods to identify a particular F1 hybrid plant produced using inbred line PH4CV, and any such individual plant is also encompassed by this invention. These embodiments also cover use of these methods with transgenic or single gene conversions of inbred line PH4CV.

Another such embodiment of this invention is a method of using inbred line PH4CV in breeding that involves the repeated backcrossing to inbred line PH4CV any number of times. Using backcrossing methods, or even the tissue culture and transgenic methods described herein, the single gene conversion methods described herein, or other breeding methods known to one of ordinary skill in the art, one can develop individual plants, plant cells, and populations of plants that retain at least 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 79%, 80%, 81%. 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 99.5% genetic contribution from inbred line PH4CV. The percentage of the genetics retained in the progeny may be measured by either pedigree analysis or through the use of genetic techniques such as molecular markers or electrophoresis. In pedigree analysis, on average 50% of the starting germplasm would be passed to the progeny line after one cross to another line, 25% after another cross to a different line, and so on. Molecular markers could also be used to confirm and/or determine the pedigree of the progeny line.

One method for producing a line derived from inbred line PH4CV is as follows. One of ordinary skill in the art would obtain a seed from the cross between inbred line PH4CV and another variety of maize, such as an elite inbred variety. The F1 seed derived from this cross would be grown to form a homogeneous population. The F1 seed would contain essentially all of the alleles from variety PH4CV and essentially all of the alleles from the other maize variety. The F1 nuclear genome would be made-up of 50% variety PH4CV and 50% of the other elite variety. The F1 seed would be grown and allowed to self, thereby forming F2 seed. On average the F2 seed would have derived 50% of its alleles from variety PH4CV and 50% from the other maize variety, but many individual plants from the population would have a greater percentage of their alleles derived from PH4CV (Wang J. and R. Bemardo, 2000, Crop Sci. 40:659-665 and Bemardo, R. and A. L. Kahler, 2001, Theor. Appl. Genet 102:986-992). The molecular markers of PH4CV could be used to select and retain those lines with high similarity to PH4CV. The F2 seed would be grown and selection of plants would be made based on visual observation, markers and/or measurement of traits. The traits used for selection may be any PH4CV trait described in this specification, including the inbred maize PH4CV traits of comparably good yield and comparably good tolerance to leaf blight, leaf spot and ear rot as mentioned herein. Such traits may also be the good general or specific combining ability of PH4CV, including its ability to produce hybrids with an approximate 113 CRM maturity, comparably high yield, comparably good foliar disease tolerance and comparably short ear and plant height. The PH4CV progeny plants that exhibit one or more of the desired PH4CV traits, such as those listed above would be selected and each plant would be harvested separately. This F3 seed from each plant would be grown in individual rows and allowed to self. Then selected rows or plants from the rows would be harvested individually. The selections would again be based on visual observation, markers and/or measurements for desirable traits of the plants, such as one or more of the desirable PH4CV traits listed above. The process of growing and selection would be repeated any number of times until a PH4CV progeny inbred plant is obtained. The PH4CV progeny inbred plant would contain desirable traits derived from inbred plant PH4CV, some of which may not have been expressed by the other maize variety to which inbred line PH4CV was crossed and some of which may have been expressed by both maize varieties but now would be at a level equal to or greater than the level expressed in inbred variety PH4CV. However, in each case the resulting progeny line would benefit from the efforts of the inventor(s), and would not have existed but for the inventor(s) work in creating PH4CV. The PH4CV progeny inbred plants would have, on average, 50% of their nuclear genes derived from inbred line PH4CV, but many individual plants from the population would have a greater percentage of their alleles derived from PH4CV. This breeding cycle, of crossing and selfing, and optional selection, may be repeated to produce another population of PH4CV progeny maize plants with, on average, 25% of their nuclear genes derived from inbred line PH4CV, but, again, many individual plants from the population would have a greater percentage of their alleles derived from PH4CV. Another embodiment of the invention is a PH4CV progeny plant that has received the desirable PH4CV traits listed above through the use of PH4CV, which traits were not exhibited by other plants used in the breeding process.

The previous example can be modified in numerous ways, for instance selection may or may not occur at every selfing generation, selection may occur before or after the actual self-pollination process occurs, or individual selections may be made by harvesting individual ears, plants, rows or plots at any point during the breeding process described. In addition, double haploid breeding methods may be used at any step in the process. The population of plants produced at each and any cycle of breeding is also an embodiment of the invention, and on average each such population would predictably consist of plants containing approximately 50% of its genes from inbred line PH4CV in the first breeding cycle, 25% of its genes from inbred line PH4CV in the second breeding cycle, 12.5% of its genes from inbred line PH4CV in the third breeding cycle and so on. However, in each case the use of PH4CV provides a substantial benefit. The linkage groups of PH4CV would be retained in the progeny lines, and since current estimates of the maize genome size is about 50,000-80,000 genes (Xiaowu, Gai et al., Nucleic Acids Research, 2000, Vol. 28, No. 1, 94-96), in addition to non-coding DNA that impacts gene expression, it provides a significant advantage to use PH4CV as starting material to produce a line that retains desired genetics or traits of PH4CV.

Another embodiment of this invention is the method of obtaining a substantially homozygous PH4CV progeny plant by obtaining a seed from the cross of PH4CV and another maize plant and applying double haploid methods to the F1 seed or F1 plant or to any successive filial generation. Such methods decrease the number of generations required to produce an inbred with similar genetics or characteristics to PH4CV. See Bernardo, R. and Kahler, A. L., Theor. Appl. Genet. 102:986-992, 2001.

复【翻译】发明进一步的具体表征

家园

【翻译】发明进一步的具体表征 - 续

发明进一步的具体表征（Further Embodiments of the Invention ）续

A further embodiment of the invention is a single gene conversion of PH4CV. A single gene conversion occurs when DNA sequences are introduced through traditional (non-transformation) breeding techniques, such as backcrossing (Hallauer et al, 1988). DNA sequences, whether naturally occurring or transgenes, may be introduced using these traditional breeding techniques. The term single gene conversion is also referred to in the art as a single locus conversion. Reference is made to US 2002/0062506A1 for a detailed discussion of single locus conversions and traits that may be incorporated into PH4CV through single gene conversion. Desired traits transferred through this process include, but are not limited to, waxy starch, nutritional enhancements, industrial enhancements, disease resistance, insect resistance, herbicide resistance and yield enhancements. The trait of interest is transferred from the donor parent to the recurrent parent, in this case, the maize plant disclosed herein. Single gene traits may result from either the transfer of a dominant allele or a recessive allele. Selection of progeny containing the trait of interest is accomplished by direct selection for a trait associated with a dominant allele. Selection of progeny for a trait that is transferred via a recessive allele, such as the waxy starch characteristic, requires growing and selfing the first backcross generation to determine which plants carry the recessive alleles. Recessive traits may require additional progeny testing in successive backcross generations to determine the presence of the gene of interest. Along with selection for the trait of interest, progeny are selected for the phenotype of the recurrent parent.

It should be understood that occasionally additional polynucleotide sequences or genes are transferred along with the single gene conversion trait of interest. A progeny comprising at least 98%, 99%, 99.5% and 99.9% of the genes from the recurrent parent, the maize line disclosed herein, plus containing the single gene conversion trait or traits of interest, is considered to be a single gene conversion of inbred line PH4CV.

It should be understood that the inbred could, through routine manipulation by detasseling, cytoplasmic genes, nuclear genes, or other factors, be produced in a male-sterile form. Such embodiments are also within the scope of the present claims. The term manipulated to be male sterile refers to the use of any available techniques to produce a male sterile version of maize line PH4CV. The male sterility may be either partial or complete male sterility.

This invention is also directed to the use of PH4CV in tissue culture. As used herein, the term plant includes plant protoplasts, plant cell tissue cultures from which maize plants can be regenerated, plant calli, plant clumps, and plant cells that are intact in plants or parts of plants, such as embryos, pollen, ovules, seeds, flowers, kernels, ears, cobs, leaves, husks, stalks, roots, root tips, anthers, silk and the like. As used herein, phrases such as “growing the seed” or “grown from the seed” include embryo rescue, isolation of cells from seed for use in tissue culture, as well as traditional growing methods.

Duncan, Williams, Zehr, and Widholm, Planta (1985)165:322-332 reflects that 97% of the plants cultured that produced callus were capable of plant regeneration. Subsequent experiments with both inbreds and hybrids produced 91% regenerable callus that produced plants. In a further study in 1988, Songstad, Duncan & Widholm in Plant Cell Reports (1988), 7:262-265 reports several media additions that enhance regenerability of callus of two inbred lines. Other published reports also indicated that “nontraditional” tissues are capable of producing somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration. K. P. Rao, et al., Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter, 60:64-65 (1986), refers to somatic embryogenesis from glume callus cultures and B. V. Conger, et al., Plant Cell Reports, 6:345-347 (1987) indicates somatic embryogenesis from the tissue cultures of maize leaf segments. Thus, it is clear from the literature that the state of the art is such that these methods of obtaining plants are, and were, “conventional” in the sense that they are routinely used and have a very high rate of success.

Tissue culture of maize, including tassel/anther culture, is described in U.S. 2002/0062506A1 and European Patent Application, publication 160,390, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Maize tissue culture procedures are also described in Green and Rhodes, “Plant Regeneration in Tissue Culture of Maize,” Maize for Biological Research (Plant Molecular Biology Association, Charlottesville, Va. 1982, at 367-372) and in Duncan, et al., “The Production of Callus Capable of Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryos of Numerous Zea Mays Genotypes,” 165 Planta 322-332 (1985). Thus, another aspect of this invention is to provide cells, which upon growth and differentiation produce maize plants having the genotype and/or physiological and morphological characteristics of inbred line PH4CV.

The utility of inbred maize line PH4CV also extends to crosses with other species. Commonly, suitable species will be of the family Graminaceae, and especially of the genera Zea, Tripsacum, Coix, Schlerachne, Polytoca, Chionachne , and Trilobachne , of the tribe Maydeae. Potentially suitable for crosses with PH4CV may be the various varieties of grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.

The advent of new molecular biological techniques has allowed the isolation and characterization of genetic elements with specific functions, such as encoding specific protein products. Scientists in the field of plant biology developed a strong interest in engineering the genome of plants to contain and express foreign genetic elements, or additional, or modifed versions of native or endogenous genetic elements in order to alter the traits of a plant in a specific manner. Any DNA sequences, whether from a different species or from the same species that are inserted into the genome using transformation are referred to herein collectively as “transgenes”. Over the last fifteen to twenty years several methods for producing transgenic plants have been developed, and the present invention, in particular embodiments, also relates to transformed versions of the claimed inbred maize line PH4CV.

Numerous methods for plant transformation have been developed, including biological and physical, plant transformation protocols. See, for example, Miki et al., “Procedures for Introducing Foreign DNA into Plants” in Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Glick, B. R. and Thompson, J. E. Eds. (CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, 1993) pages 67-88 and Armstrong, “The First Decade of Maize Transformation: A Review and Future Perspective” (Maydica 44:101-109, 1999). In addition, expression vectors and in vitro culture methods for plant cell or tissue transformation and regeneration of plants are available. See, for example, Gruber et al., “Vectors for Plant Transformation” in Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Glick, B. R. and Thompson, J. E. Eds. (CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, 1993) pages 89-119. See U.S. Pat. No. 6,118,055, which is herein incorporated by reference.

The most prevalent types of plant transformation involve the construction of an expression vector. Such a vector comprises a DNA sequence that contains a gene under the control of or operatively linked to a regulatory element, for example a promoter. The vector may contain one or more genes and one or more regulatory elements.

A genetic trait which has been engineered into a particular maize plant using transformation techniques, could be moved into another line using traditional breeding techniques that are well known in the plant breeding arts. For example, a backcrossing approach could be used to move a transgene from a transformed maize plant to an elite inbred line and the resulting progeny would comprise a transgene. Also, if an inbred line was used for the transformation then the transgenic plants could be crossed to a different inbred in order to produce a transgenic hybrid maize plant. As used herein, “crossing” can refer to a simple X by Y cross, or the process of backcrossing, depending on the context.

Various genetic elements can be introduced into the plant genome using transformation. These elements include but are not limited to genes; coding sequences; inducible, constitutive, and tissue specific promoters; enhancing sequences; and signal and targeting sequences. See U.S. Pat. No. 6,118,055, which is herein incorporated by reference.

With transgenic plants according to the present invention, a foreign protein can be produced in commercial quantities. Thus, techniques for the selection and propagation of transformed plants, which are well understood in the art, yield a plurality of transgenic plants, which are harvested in a conventional manner, and a foreign protein then can be extracted from a tissue of interest or from total biomass. Protein extraction from plant biomass can be accomplished by known methods, which are discussed, for example, by Heney and Orr, Anal. Biochem. 114: 92-6 (1981).

According to a preferred embodiment, the transgenic plant provided for commercial production of foreign protein is maize. In another preferred embodiment, the biomass of interest is seed. A genetic map can be generated, primarily via conventional Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis, and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP), which identify the approximate chromosomal location of the integrated DNA molecule. For exemplary methodologies in this regard, see Glick and Thompson, METHODS IN PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 269-284 (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1993).

Wang et al. discuss “Large Scale Identification, Mapping and Genotyping of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphorsms in the Human Genome”, Science, 280:1077-1082, 1998, and similar capabilities will soon be available for the corn genome. Map information concerning chromosomal location is useful for proprietary protection of a subject transgenic plant. If unauthorized propagation is undertaken and crosses made with other germplasm, the map of the integration region can be compared to similar maps for suspect plants, to determine if the latter have a common parentage with the subject plant. Map comparisons would involve hybridizations, RFLP, PCR, SSR and sequencing, all of which are conventional techniques. SNP's may also be used alone or in combination with other techniques.

Likewise, by means of the present invention, plants can be genetically engineered to express various phenotypes of agronomic interest. Through the transformation of maize the expression of genes can be modulated to enhance disease resistance, insect resistance, herbicide resistance, agronomic traits as well as grain quality traits. Transformation can also be used to insert DNA sequences which control or help control male-sterility. DNA sequences native to maize as well as non-native DNA sequences can be transformed into maize and used to modulate levels of native or non-native proteins. Anti-sense technology, various promoters, targeting sequences, enhancing sequences, and other DNA sequences can be inserted into the maize genome for the purpose of modulating the expression of proteins. Exemplary transgenes implicated in this regard include, but are not limited to, those categorized below.

复【翻译】发明进一步的具体表征 - 续

家园

【翻译】控制雄性不育的转基因

控制雄性不育的转基因(Genes that Control Male-Sterility)

(A) Introduction of a deacetylase gene under the control of a tapetum-specific promoter and with the application of the chemical N-Ac-PPT (WO 01/29237).

(B) Introduction of various stamen-specific promoters (WO 92/13956, WO 92/13957).

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