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家园 大致可以这么说吧

试图回答一下你的问题。资本这个概念是历史性形成的,参考wiki对资本这个概念的说明:

In economics, capital, capital goods, or real capital are those already-produced durable goods that are used in production of goods or services. The capital goods are not significantly consumed, though they may depreciate in the production process. Capital is distinct from land in that capital must itself be produced by human labor before it can be a factor of production. At any moment in time, total physical capital may be referred to as the capital stock (which is not to be confused with the capital stock of a business entity.) In a fundamental sense, capital consists of any produced thing that can enhance a person's power to perform economically useful work—a stone or an arrow is capital for a caveman who can use it as a hunting instrument, and roads are capital for inhabitants of a city. Capital is an input in the production function. Homes and personal autos are not capital but are instead durable goods because they are not used in a production effort.

资本首先是指实物资本,是那种可以增强产出的那种实物力量。因此随着人们经济生活的不断深化,人们对资本本身的理解也在深化,以至于人们对资本这一词汇的实际使用恰恰就是在“力量”的意义上。如资金可以入股,技术可以入股,设备可以入滚等等。在此意义上,资本不限于某种特定形态了。

而你之前把资本视作货币,只不过是资本本身一种具体形态。因为现代社会的信用泛滥,以至于很多时候人们发现“投资”都是以各种信用的形式进行展开——人们看到了股票、期货、债券和各种金融衍生品市场。但这些只是金融资本,金融资本可以撬动实物资本,但这并不意味着实物资本就被金融资本给取消了。金融资本要获利,仍然需要实业辛辛苦苦把产品做出来的。

至于“资本市场”这一说法,你应该明白我是在约定俗成的那个意义上使用它的,即股票、期货、债券和各种金融衍生品市场等。

至于“流动”,你可以去思考一下商品这个概念。你在这个问题上只考虑了“钱流”,或者你的视角始终不能离开“钱流”。实际上劳动力这类要素是通过“物流”实现的。劳动力不是死的东西,它通过形成商品,进而把自己凝固到商品之中,并通过“物流”来实现自己的流动。

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