主题：关于1979年中印GDP比较有如下结果 -- wolfgan

1952年，中国电力80亿度，到1978年，2700亿度。美国从4700亿到2.3万亿度，日本从530亿到5500亿，印度从60亿度到1000亿，，巴西从90亿度到1000亿度，看到没，战后各国增速都很快。中国那样低的基数，增速与别国没拉开量级差距。。

再看看1978年到2019年，中国增长31倍，美日都不到1倍，印度18倍，巴西6倍。

Empirical evidence

This upward-bias hypothesis has been investigated and tested for the total

economy by various empirical studies using different approaches ranging from

physical output or commodity indicator (Maddison, 1998a and 2007; Maddison and

Wu, 2008), 12 energy consumption (Adams and Chen, 1996; Rawski, 2001), food

consumption (Garnaut and Ma, 1993), to foreign price approximation (Ren, 1997).

Despite different results, all alternative measures appear to be strongly supportive to

the hypothesis. For example, for the period 1978-97, compared with the official GDP

growth rate of 9.8 percent per annum, it is estimated as 4.8 percent by the energy

approach (Adams and Chen, 1996), 6.8 to 8.5 percent by alternative price indices

(Ren, 1997; Wu, 2000), and 7.5 percent by volume movement (Maddison, 1998). For

the period 1978-2005, the annual growth rate is estimated by Maddison and Wu (2008)

at 7.9 percent per annum compared with the official estimated rate of 9.6 percent per

annum