主题:【原创】美元末日理论:高度投机的经济 -- 子玉
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因为他首先是美联储总舵主,其次才是经济学家,第一责任当然是维持金融系统能够运行下去。当时由于巨额衍生品交易的风险无法估算,任何人都对交易对手没有信心。英美保险柜脱销,银行挤兑进行时。除非央行站出来为主要金融机构的信用背书,否则就会引发货币银行学里面算货币乘数的那个级数公式的坍塌,M3变M2,M2变M0,这就是葡萄兄说的“去杠杆化”(deleverage)。这里再啰嗦两句——今天所有法人和自然人纸面上的财富,都是M2层级上的财富(银行存款单),甚至M3层级上的财富(股票/基金对账单),而M0级别上的财富(钞票、黄金)占比很小,所以这个货币层级一坍塌,银行的财富、企业的财富,个人的财富,一下全不见了。拿美国的具体数字来说,要是8万5千多亿的M2一下子向2万亿出头的M0收敛,那估计跳楼都得申请排队预约。更不要说天文数字的M3收缩起来是什么惨状了。
这些都是过去时了,伯南克的整个solution是不是最优解,估计50年后会有几十篇顶级期刊论文去吵架。我的兴趣在于美联储money base一年翻番这件事对未来会产生什么影响。我始终相信这样的观点——金融危机常有,但全球性同步衰退至少是50年一遇,要达到这个级别,则必然不仅仅是金融意外波动造成的,后面隐藏着生产力(技术更替)大周期的力量。如果考虑到这一层,则现在持续近一年的0利率+量化宽松的措施,有可能是更负面的影响。下面这篇文章关于美元套利交易兴起的描述,值得关注一下(当然有些过愤的言辞不用管它),注意,这正是对本帖题目“高度投机”的一个细节解释。
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4d7e234c0100dsck.html
央行的资产和负债是平的,对内21.5万亿人民币的债务,用人民币付息(当然只有央行票据和存款准备金部分才是央行直接付息),对外2万多亿美元的债权,人家用外汇付息。这样下去的结果是什么呢?国内的人民币会在已经很多很多的基础上越来越多,而央行的外汇也继续在已经很多很多的基础上越来越多。这样人民币信用的创造无穷无尽,国内有多少资产够用这么多钱来标价?呵呵,不敢想啊,这样下去不就明摆着是第二个泡沫经济的范本嘛。
危机之后欧美出现的剧烈收缩首先是源自信用货币去杠杆化的结果。伯南克以及美国政府为什么朝美国银行注入巨额无担保货币,实际也是缓冲去杠杆化后的市场货币供应的紧缩。
--M3/M0 ratio normally stays at 9 in States. After Lehman's collapse, this ratio fell to 6.8 to 6.9. Bernanke hiked the M0 from 800b to almost 2.3t (peak time, now falls to 2t). I remember that M2 data stayed flat even after the Sep crisis last year, due to B's efforts.
Bernanke believed that asset price is the key to maintain corporate/consumer confidence and then stimulate real activity back to normal.
But we often overlook the 5t Euro-dollar market. The Lehman collapse result in temporary USD withdrawal from this market and LIBOR Overnight rate (I watched it closely in Sep) hiked to more than 5% immediately. Several European banks were killed due to their USD exposure. Then USD appreciation triggered the run on Eastern European currencies and then hit back on Western European banks (not including UK).
I have to say Paulson-Bernanke axis of evil are really smart.
简短的说,美国的银行在危机后段段半年里,银行的高倍杠杆率从63倍下跌到与日本接近的35倍,
--are you sure about your data?? First, you are talking about investment banks, not commercial banks. Commercial banks could never have such high assets/equity ratio(normally should be around 10).
Second, even US investment banks' non-risk-adjusted assets/equity ratios were not that high.
For example, Lehman B/S 2008/1, Assets/Eq = 30.8, a simple leverage measure.
Goldman, Q2/09: 14, Q1/09:13.6, Q4/08:12.7, Q3/08:22.7, even Nov/07 this ratio is 26.
而中国只有12倍。
--you compare apple with orange. 12 refers to commercial banks? or securities firms? or investment trust firms?
If that's the ratio from Big 4 commercial banks, then you are comparing US Investment banks to Chinese commercial banks.
If this 12 is based on all the securities firms, then your argument makes sense.
同时,美国政府通过有史以来最庞大的财政赤字用债券平衡了货币公式的两端。
既在公式填平的两端,一边加重无担保货币的注资帮助银行去杠杆化,
--? no, just maintain reasonable leverage level and gradually improve. Big loss is the reason for leverage increase. 700B is not enough to dramatically improve American banks' balance sheet (B/S)
一边用巨额国债平衡无担保货币带来的通胀风险。
--that's a bit confusing.
现在美国危机逐渐在触底(起码目前如此),是应该从天平两边同时给筹码减磅的时候了。
--withdraw M0, since multiplier returns back to normal (say 8 or 9), then M2/M3 could be maintained.
葡萄兄看的是大棋局,不局限于金融层面。其实真要有太祖武皇帝当年“打烂了,不过相当于解放晚两年”的大气魄,那些1后面跟着多少个0的数字也许根本就不是什么关键问题。可惜,数字常有,数百年来人人为此营营役役,而太祖这样有威望带领几万万人民“破局”的领袖,数百年也未必出一个。
I told my friends in June that China and America formed formal alliance. Most domestic/overseas friends still do not understand what I was talking about.
This alliance is actually approved or supported by some American strategists, though they might be reluctant cooperators. Some approved it out of necessity, some are more accommodating to an ascending China.
美国承认中国市场经济地位的时候,就是投资之上青云的时候。你看我前面的暗示:中国和美国签署的能源协议都是20年期限的长协。以及中国最近密集的能源大宗交易。
--Good thing about doing business with Americans: focus on interests, can trade on anything so long as that's in line with their interests, rational and respect hand-shake agreements.
Much better than sissy Europeans (esp., Frenchmen). I really can not bear with Sarkozy, the so-called American of France. Europeans always muddle business with hypocritical bluff: human rights, Tibet stuff, Uigher, blah...blah. Germans at least know when to stop, this Sarkozy actor did not know when to ARRET at all.
Now this idiot wants to challenge USD and America... after pissing off China, America's largest creditors.
Next 12 months will be delicate. The alliance needs time to solidify and any dramatic domestic changes in China and America will test these contracts.
After that, China will have 8 years of peace with America. Good for China, bless for Chinese Americans.
资本主义不会千秋万代的,全球化的尽头就是资本主义的尽头
风中虎现在正忙着旅行,他的观点是股市最终会调整到2500点左右,在2500点到3500点之间震荡。美国对中国承认市场经济地位的时候就是投资的切入点,记得葡萄曾经说过今年下半年投资房地产不是最好的选择,那么股票、基金呢?所谓的中美利益交换是不是其中包含中国的股市打压下来以给美国一个切入中国股市的时机?但目前的几百点空间似乎不值得作为利益交换的筹码。最近股市有个反常的现象就是纽约股市开始随着中国股市的表现走,现在是美国股市(美国经济)的关键时刻,也就是说目前这阶段维稳中国股市才是利益交换的筹码。
请各位大牛们多多拍砖
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俺真的不知道啊。
奥巴马印了很多票子,倒是大家都知道的。
所以,买房尽量避免和short sale扯皮,也许是个好主意。
RMB纸和美圆纸越来越多,光在国内当然会把自己给撑死,可是并不代表中国没有在准备大型对外采购计划啊~~这些水还是有地方可以去的,唯一不同的是,原本只有美圆纸出去换,现在是美圆搭配人民币出门~~苏联崩溃时,美国几乎措手不及,印钞机开得山响,结果留给自己一堆问题,还被销了很多帐,现在中国都要去“和谐”世界了,难道就不能吸取教训慢慢渗透啊~~
看这个周五的房屋销售统计,呵呵,大增啊。我估计就是你说的short sale 造成的,呵呵,股市大涨。恭喜奥巴马了。
whether the whole Sep crisis was masterminded by the axis of Paulson-Bernanke?
It is a well-planned attack with calculated counterpolicies to awe Congress and shock Europe.
十年前亚洲金融危机的那些国家,金融市场也是大开的,结果别人打劫也是方便的。
如果中国全面开放了金融市场,美国动歪脑筋是肯定的。
我们怎么能防止?
印度好象虽然金融开放,但对控制外资还是有一些措施,比如强迫别人买一定比例的国债。
但别人真要搞他,也能成功。难防!