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主题:F-22在阿拉斯加演习中取得144比0胜利(转贴) (上) -- 韩亚梓

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  • 家园 F-22在阿拉斯加演习中取得144比0胜利(转贴) (上)

    依照晨枫同志的指示, 我把这篇AWST的文章转贴于此. 此文在网上有一个不太精确的译文版, 待会也一并贴出.

    http://www.aviationnow.com/avnow/news/channel_defense_story.jsp?id=news/aw010807p1.xml

    Raptor Scores in Alaskan Exercise

    Jan 7, 2007

    By David A. Fulghum and Michael J. Fabey

    As the F-22 begins its operational life, interest has turned to assessing just how well suited the stealthy Raptor is to its role as the premier air-to-air fighter, while taking a peek at some of the surprises for pilots and maintenance crews as they explore what the aircraft can do. As part of the research for this series of articles on the F-22, Michael Fabey flew in the back seat of an F-15D while the Eagle and Raptor pilots demonstrated their aircraft's capabilities in the air-to-air ranges at Tyndall AFB, Fla. (For additional details of the Raptor's unique air-to-air capabilities, see AW&ST Sept. 6, 1999, p. 84.)

    The F-22 is proving it's a dogfighter after all.

    While it wasn't part of a hard-turning furball, an F-22--with its Amraams and Sidewinders expended--slipped into visual range behind an F-16 and undetected made a simulated kill with its cannon during the stealth fighter's first large-scale exercise and deployment outside the continental U.S.

    Those and other revelations about the F-22's emerging capabilities are increasingly important as the first combat unit, the U.S. Air Force's 27th Fighter Sqdn., begins its initial Air Expeditionary Force deployment this month to an undisclosed site. And the first F-22 unit, the 94th Fighter Sqdn., will participate in Red Flag in February.

    The gun kill is a capability Air Force planners hope their F-22s won't use. The fighter is designed to destroy a foe well beyond his visual and radar range. Within visual-range combat and, in particular, gun kills are anachronisms. In amassing 144 kills to no losses during the first week of the joint-service Northern Edge exercise in Alaska last summer, only three air-to-air "kills" were in the visual arena--two involving AIM-9 Sidewinders and one the F-22's cannon.

    The 27th Fighter Sqdn. aircraft--on deployment from Langley AFB, Va.--didn't get to show off their J-Turn and Cobra maneuvers or their high-angle-of-attack, high-off-boresight (which actually will arrive with the AIM-9X) and unique nose-pointing capabilities. The reason, those involved say, was because the victims of the three encounters, flying conventional fighters, never had a clue they were being stalked by F-22s until they were "killed."

    Raptor pilots agree that their preferred location for the fighter while in the battlespace is at high altitude, well above the other fighters, where they can adopt a fuel-efficient cruise, sweeping both the air and ground with radar and electronic surveillance for targets. From a superior altitude, the F-22 used sustained supercruise to range across hundreds of miles of airspace before an enemy fighter could threaten friendly high-value surveillance, command-and-control and tanker aircraft.

    Perhaps the most important revelation by the 27th Fighter Sqdn. was demonstrating the F-22's ability to use its sensors to identify and target enemy aircraft for conventional fighters by providing information so they could engage the enemy sooner than they could on their own. Because of the advanced situational awareness they afford, F-22s would stick around after using up their weapons to continue providing targets and IDs to the conventional fighters.

    "We always left F-22s on station to help, but we didn't designate any one aircraft to provide data," says Lt. Col. Wade Tolliver, the unit's commander. "It was critical that every F-22 out there provided all the data he had."

    With its high-resolution radar, the F-22 can guarantee target altitudes to within a couple of hundred feet. Its ability to identify an aircraft is "sometimes many times quicker than the AWACS," he says. "It was a combination of high-resolution sensors and being closer to the targets."

    The F-22's radar range is described only as being more than 100 mi. However, it's thought to be closer to 125-150 mi., which is much farther than the standard F-15's 56-mi. radar range. New, active electronically scanned radar technology--optimized for digital throughput--is expected to soon push next-generation radar ranges, in narrow beams, out to 250 mi. or more.

    The ability to close on the enemy without being targeted also allowed the F-22s to operate in threat areas where conventional fighters could not survive. This enabled the Raptor to engage targets at a greater distance from the aircraft and homeland they were defending.

    Raptor pilots had all the available data on the airspace fused and displayed on a single, easy-to-read screen.

    "When I look down at my scope and put my cursor over a [friendly] F-15 or F/A-18, it tells me who they are locked on to," he says. For example, "I could help them out by saying, 'You're double-targeted and there's a group over here untargeted' . . . to make sure we got everybody." F-15 targets will be latent because of the radar sweep.

    However, these messages are less and less verbal. "When you watch [tapes of the Alaska] exercise, it's fairly spooky," says Gen. Ronald Keys, chief of Air Combat Command. "There's hardly a word spoken among Raptor pilots." That silence also previews some of the fighter's possible future capabilities.

    "Because of the way the aircraft was designed, we have the capability to do more," Keys says. "We can put unmanned combat aircraft systems in there with Raptor. You've got three fairly low-observable UCAS in the battlespace. An air defense system pops up, and I click on a UCAS icon and drag it over [the emitter's location] and click. The UCAS throttles over and jams it, blows it up or whatever."

    In Alaska, because the F-22 remained far forward at high altitude, with an advanced radar it could monitor rescue missions that the AWACS 150 mi. away could not. "We could see the helicopters down in the valleys and protect them," Tolliver says.

    In addition to AWACS, the F-22 also can feed data to the RC-135 Rivet Joint signals intelligence aircraft to improve situational awareness of the battlespace.

    • 家园 先献上一花

      多谢转载,这样就有可能在这里讨论了。

    • 家园 下面是讨论时间

      文中基本可以看出F-22所依赖的几大法宝: 高空高速下的能量优势, 隐身, 以及网络作战能力. 这些东西, 方方的王者之翼里都指出了, 但在纸面上看到, 跟在实际演习中体现出来, 感觉是不一样的. 美帝空军在2020年前后的作战模式其实已经露出端倪: 一支全隐身, 网络化的空军. 预计他们冲进敌方空域作战的飞机可能有四个部分: F-22, 担任空中支配(不是简单的空中优势, 是占支配地位). F-35, 有人的隐身攻击机, 负责攻击战场上出现的机动目标. UCAV, 负责需要长时间留空的侦察, 通讯, 火力支援等任务. 智能巡航弹, 负责开战第一枪和攻击有高防护的目标. 所有的飞机都是网络化的, 被任何一架飞机发现就等于被全体发现. 再加上以AIM-120D为代表的第三方制导的拦射弹, 任何的飞机那怕是UCAV, 都具备中距拦射能力. 可以想见, 如果只装备三代机的空军遇到这样的力量, 很可能是"起不来", "看不见", "打不着", 处境十分尴尬.

      • 家园 他是不是在演习中故意加大己方的绝对优势,

        从而造成f22的绝对胜利,来打造f22的美丽神话。

      • 家园 可怕!
      • 家园 韩兄高见

        “高空高速下的能量优势, 隐身, 以及网络作战能力”,这些确实是F-22所倚重的。问题是,就现有技术而言,超机动性和网络战能力对美国以外的航空国家来说不是可望而不可及的,只有超巡和隐身还是高高在上,可望而不可及。

        老兄这里提到“全隐身, 网络化的空军”,实际上侧重在网络化,而没有发挥隐身的作用。在四代中,隐身是最重要的,但也是实际功效最有争议的。AW&ST的这篇文章还是没有解答心中的疑问。

        • 家园 隐身还是很凶猛的

          主要是剥夺了对手的SA,让对手搞不清F-22到底在哪里。现在隐身的F-35要出来了,同样隐身的UCAV也在搞。说他们全隐身化,不算吹嘘。

          • 家园 我觉得隐身有被夸大的一面

            回头我好好查查资料,扒扒F-22的画皮。

            • 家园 俺也觉得是

              比如F22索敌时要打开,这时还可以隐形吗?超音速巡航时也可以隐形吗?好像说到红外索敌,不知道是本机的探测系统还是导弹的。

              另外,对手不知道是不是有预警机,好像没有,如果有的话,不知道会怎么样。

              • 家园 是这样的

                F22的APG77雷达采用了低可截获率技术(LPI),开机工作不会暴露

                随手搜了一个

                http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/6448052.html?md=3

                隐身技术倒不一定是对手就完全瞎了,战场单向透明;但仅是发现距离极大缩短同样恐怖

                配合超音速巡航,对手防空节点的发射窗口将大大缩短,原本密不透风的防空网将变得漏洞百出,四代机可以从容绕过缝隙,直接打击支撑节点

                • 家园 这一点不妨参照当年打黑蝙蝠中队的战例

                  因为双方的机载雷达水平差距太大,等于说在那个特定的战场环境下、近乎于单向透明,虽然PLAF在机动性、火力都占据了绝对优势,但是打起黑蝙蝠中队那些又慢又笨、几乎没有还手之力的螺旋桨飞机来,同样费了吃奶的劲——细细分析下来,确实是很可怕的事情。

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