主题:【原创】美国人怎么退休? -- 倥偬飞人
在美国叱咤风云的婴儿潮一代,7800万人,占美国人口的三分之一强,如今正在变成银发一族,面临退休的大问题。
老Ben今天发话了,特别直截了当地说:如果当今的社会保障和医疗体系不做大的改革,婴儿潮们将使得政府的预算和国家经济都面临很大的压力。(全文见下面)。
美国人一向花明天的钱,储蓄率低,就是没有考虑到如果明天没有钱了,怎么办?现在情况是:社会保障和医疗支出占到GDP的7%,而随着退休人士越来越多,到2030年将增加到13%,比现在增长85%!
要解决这个钱的问题,只有挖东墙补西墙,加税、减少其他方面的支出、减少退休福利、增加财政赤字(那就要增发更多的国债!)。老Ben此刻提出这个问题,也许就是为小布加税做个前奏,即使不加个人税,公司税可能是免不了的。也有经济学家估计美国人不得不提高储蓄率以应付退休等,这样消费乏力,经济的发展就会更一步放缓。
很多人都觉得有社保什么的,可以不用操心退休的事情。可惜往往事与愿违,哪个国家都会出现社保入不敷出,甚至挪作他用的情况,陈良宇下马也与这个问题有关。加拿大的所谓CPP(Canada Pension Plan),据说迟早要破产。
俺从不相信政府能安排好个人的退休计划,无论什么政体都是这样。要退休的保障,靠别人不如靠自己。
老Ben说了:婴儿潮退休造成的财务上的影响非常大,而且不可避免!
Bernanke: Baby Boomers Will Strain U.S.
Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said Wednesday the burden from retiring baby boomers will strain the nation's budget and economy, unless Social Security and Medicare are revamped.
"Reform of our unsustainable entitlement programs" should be a priority, Bernanke told the Economics Club of Washington. "The imperative to undertake reform earlier rather than later is great."
It was his strongest warning yet about the potential perils and tough decisions that will confront the United States with the looming retirement of 78 million baby boomers. Bernanke did not recommend any specific changes, however, that Congress and the Bush administration could make to entitlement programs.
President Bush once made his efforts to overhaul Social Security a centerpiece of his second-term agenda. But those efforts sputtered last year due to resistance from Republicans and Democrats alike.
Bernanke said that as the population ages, the United States will have to choose among higher taxes, fewer dollars for other programs, lower spending on entitlement programs, and a sharply higher budget deficit -- or some combination of all those.
Government spending for Social Security and Medicare alone will increase from about 7 percent of the U.S. economy to almost 13 percent by 2030, and to more than 15 percent by 2050, he said.
"The fiscal consequences of these trends are large and unavoidable," Bernanke said.
The government had a budget deficit of $319 billion last year, which the White House believes will fall to $296 billion this year.
Shoring up the finances of Social Security and Medicare will make for difficult choices, Bernanke said.
For instance, if the government tried to finance projected entitlement spending entirely by revenue increases, the taxes collected would have to rise from about 18 percent of the total size of the economy to about 24 percent in 2030, he said.
If the government attempted a fix through spending cuts, spending for programs other than Social Security and Medicare would need to fall sharply -- the equivalent of "a budget cut of approximately $700 billion in nonentitlement spending," he said.
With an aging population collecting Social Security and Medicare benefits, he said, it will "create severe fiscal challenges, as the cost of entitlement programs rises sharply."
Joel Prakken, chairman of Macroeconomic Advisers, said he welcomed the Fed chief's message, even if it's not new.
"I don't believe Bernanke is telling anybody in my profession something we don't know. The federal government has on the table essentially unsustainable promises to the aging population," Prakken said.
Bernanke did not discuss the future path that interest rates might take in his speech or his brief remarks afterward.
Fielding questions, Bernanke said a "substantial correction" was taking place in the housing market. He estimated the housing slowdown would trim about 1 percentage point off economic growth in the second half of this year.
But the fallout from the cooler housing market should be cushioned by other positive factors, including good job creation and income growth, Bernanke added.
The Federal Reserve's next meeting is scheduled for Oct. 24-25. Many economists believe the policymakers will leave rates unchanged for the third meeting in a row.
With the economy slowing, the central bank in August decided to halt -- for the first time -- a two-year campaign to boost interest rates to fend off inflation. Policymakers suggested the cooling economy eventually would lessen inflation pressures.
There has been relief on the inflation front as once-surging energy prices settled down. Gasoline prices, which topped $3 a gallon in summer, slid and now average $2.31 a gallon, the Energy Department said.
Bernanke welcomed the recent drop in energy prices, but said that Fed policymakers will keep an eye on inflation, which "is still above what we would consider price stability."
Bernanke also said he and his colleagues would try to improve the central bank's communications to Wall Street and Main Street. Bernanke, a respected economist who spent much of his professional life in academia, took over the Fed from longtime chairman Alan Greenspan in February.
"It is a sobering experience," Bernanke said of his eight months on the job.
能够信赖的唯有股票银行账户里自己名下的钱,或者自己名下的不动产。
退休总能退的,人类有历史以来有退休福利制度的也不过是近百年的事,那么多年来毫无社会福利也不见那些老人统统年龄一到就活不下去。
最容易做的就是推迟法定退休年龄,现在的人都比较高寿,90岁以上稀松平常,65岁退休等死等25年也太浪费生命了,把法定退休年龄推迟到75岁,一方面本人可以多工作挣钱养自己,也能让政府减少养老金支出。其次容易做的就是裁减医疗,设定上限,现在美国的做法是没有上限的,除非是长期病需要入住昂贵的长期护理中心,政府基本上全包。这方面肯定要改,政府设立一个合理的一生医疗支出上限,超过了就不负责。
长期来说最应该做的就是预防胜于治疗,美国人的饮食也太不像话了,胖子多得可怕,这都是日后的长期糖尿病人,心血管病人。我会建议将日后保险费跟个人饮食挂钩起来,比如那些超重的,统统征收额外保险费,以后病了政府补贴也少,要享有好的保险费,劳烦他们先把自己的体重问题解决了。还有呢,抽烟的病号,政府补贴也会相对减少,这都很合理,自己都不爱惜自己身体的人,怎么能要求别人爱惜他的身体?
但是这里面都逃不过一个选票问题,这些婴儿潮的年龄段刚好是最大的投票组别,公民意识非常强烈,哪个政党要上台都不能得罪这些选票。所以这些问题都必须到最后财政崩溃才能得到解决,不会产生事先筹谋的完美情况。
看看每年收到的social security 寄来的statement,就明显感觉他们的调调已经调整了。 印象中,他们现在特别在Statement上住明了, 那些 estimated benefit pay out $$ 是基于假如你今年就见上帝的情况下。 如果你不幸活得久了, 对不起, 到时候就只能够拿到面前那个大饼的百分之若干了。
所以说呢, 还是要趁来得及的时候做好安排。 401K, IRA 能放的都去放些; 也不要嫌麻烦, 花点时间管理一下 proforlio; 力所能及的生财之道, 也需要去积极地找寻; 打孩子一呱呱落地, 牙缝里省下来的, 就该放到 education fund / 529 什么的里去......
虽然辛苦些, 但凭咱们中国人的勤劳智慧, 应该退休还是不会有太大问题的。
现在一些投资专家开始鼓吹,随着婴儿潮开始退休,他们的投资方向会转入分红或者配息高的投资类别,比如说income trust或者分红高的股票之类,这个就等着瞧吧。
俺要是一个boomer,可能也会投票赞成加税,然后增加退休福利,增加医疗拨款,人都是想把钱往自己口袋里划拉
可惜俺们这代人,承上启下,注定要替baby boomers背上包袱 ,还要给baby echo 拾掇好局面 - 老河民别拍砖,俺闪了
我本来也是听从那些投资专家说什么baby boomers都有钞票,从事他们养老有关的可以大赚特赚。后来跟一些银行专门处理私人投资的顾问打过交道,完全不是这么回事。
美国2000年的泡沫把不少BB的养老金账户都给折腾完了,幸好影响不算很深远,到底全副身家扑上去买高科技股票的不是大多数。但是这个房产泡沫非同小可,原因是房子造得太多,而大部分BB的财产都在那房子上,本身的储蓄非常少,65岁以上美国老人的平均储蓄才只有5万美元左右,往下的还更少,因为90年中期以来的房地产盛世给他们一个错觉,觉得老了把房子卖了就够钱退休,所以变本加厉地负债消费。
按照法定年龄,5年后就是这批BB大规模退休的时候,势必造成房产大抛售,但是到时候那么多房子上市,加上这几年疯狂造了那么多房子,谁来买?要是价格上不去,他们更加无法退休了,所以说BB这个年龄组别将会从金矿变成烂铁。一些银行内部已经开始调整投资产品对象,因为他们发觉这些BB原来都是外强中干钞票的没有负债的多多。美国政府一方面不可能大量裁减福利,另一方面又要防止房地产硬着陆的经济影响,所以大印钞票是必然的选择。
至于BB的财产是否会转入分红或者配息高不好说,但是可以肯定是他们肯定会参加资产大贱卖,股票不动产是两个重灾区,不卖资产他们无法维持生活水平,有的更加可能无法退休,必须继续工作。所以从这个角度来看,未来十几年也是我们这代可以廉价购入优质股票不动产的时候,不过要有耐心,这个过程得有15-20年,触底需要很长的时间。
BB的尾巴在1964年,65岁的时候应该是2029,距今23年。
2000年时, 最幼小的BBB也超过35了。 这个年龄段的人投资退休帐户, 我相信走保守 ( conservative) 或温和( moderate)路线的居多。因此, 高科技,dotcom 的泡沫破灭, 我估计对这群人创伤绝对没有更年轻的一代来得剧烈。但我绝对相信这群人是最有实力持有不动产的。
倒是不觉得因为他们抛售股票, 就可以使得市场触底。 年头拉得太长, 影响就被稀释了。不过,按兵不动, 不买房产, 跟在BB后面捡个便宜, 貌似一个非常可行的节流方法。
花谢laozhong兄指点。
但是其中党内有党,不同年龄段的心理表现也不同,BB尾巴那几年的跟我们X代前几年的没什么大的行为心理分别。BB打头阵的那些恐怕会伤亡惨重,60年后出生的即使在泡沫中财务产生问题,还有时间精力补过。
看来无论短期还是中长期,大家都很是看跌房产,不如去玩CME的HOUSING INDEX吧!喜欢投资/赌博的可以多一个POKER GAME,有房产的可以稍微HEDGE一下。
(我随便凑热闹,说错了不要见怪!)
BTW,高人能不能说说,在实际交易中,股指期货到期与其FUNDAMENTAL指数之间互动会是怎样的?多谢!
上面的HOUSING INDEX应该回在这里的
美国政府一方面不可能大量裁减福利,另一方面又要防止房地产硬着陆的经济影响,所以大印钞票是必然的选择。
----美元真是很难让人看好.
看了一下这个CME HOUSING INDEX的介绍,有点意思,尤其对机构而言,比如说银行什么的,需要对冲借贷风险,还是有实际意义的。俺作为个人投资者,觉得很多工具和股票可以用来从房市的衰退中套利,操作上似乎比这个INDEX简单一些,回报也不会比它差。
就是你问的问题,俺也不太清楚
那些超重的,统统征收额外保险费,以后病了政府补贴也少,要享有好的保险费,劳烦他们先把自己的体重问题解决了。还有呢,抽烟的病号,政府补贴也会相对减少!
可以研究研究。
哪位另开一个贴聊聊?
小弟这学期选修的“社会保障论”课里,教授曾经提到美国的Pension好像大部分是交给私人保险公司在操作。
由于课程主要不是讲美国的社会保障,所以只是轻轻带过而已。莫非美国人加入国家提供的社会保障也有很多吗?